Enalapril
Enalapril
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Briggs G, Freeman RK, Towers CV, Forinash AB. Drugs in pregnancy and lactation: A reference guide to fetal and neonatal risk. 11th ed; 2017.
Shimada C, Akaishi R, Cho K, Morikawa M, Kaneshi Y, Yamda T et al. Outcomes of 83 fetuses exposed to angiotensin receptor blockers during the second or third trimesters: a literature review. Hypertens Res. 2015;38(5):308-13.
Barr M. Teratogen update: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Teratology 1994;50:399-409.
Weber-Schoendorfer C, Kayser A, Tissen-Diabaté T, Winterfeld U, Eleftheriou G, Te Winkel B et al. Fetotoxic risk of AT1 blockers exceeds that of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: an observational study. J Hypertens. 2020;38(1):133-141.
Cooper WO, Hernandez-Diaz S, Arbogast PG, Dudley JA, Dyer S, Gideon PS, Hall K, Ray WA. Major congenital malformations after first-trimester exposure to ACE inhibitors. N Engl J Med 2006;354:2443-51.
Lennestål R, Otterblad Olausson P, Källén B. Maternal use of antihypertensive drugs in early pregnancy and delivery outcome, notably the presence of congenital heart defects in the infants. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2009;65:615-25.
Li DK, Yang C, Andrade S, Tavares V, Ferber JR. Maternal exposure to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in the first trimester and risk of malformations in offspring: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ. 2011;343:d5931.
Walfisch A, Al-maawali A, Moretti ME, Nickel C, Koren G. Teratogenicity of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or receptor blockers. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2011;31:465-72.
Hoeltzenbein M, Tissen-Diabaté T, Fietz AK, Zinke S, Kayser A, Meister R et al. Increased rate of birth defects after first trimester use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors - Treatment or hypertension related? An observational cohort study. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2018;13(13):65-71.
Fu J, Tomlinson G, Feig DS. Increased risk of major congenital malformations in early pregnancy use of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor-blockers: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2021;37(8):e3453.
- Briggs G, Freeman RK, Towers CV, Forinash AB. Drugs in pregnancy and lactation: A reference guide to fetal and neonatal risk. 11th ed; 2017.
- Shimada C, Akaishi R, Cho K, Morikawa M, Kaneshi Y, Yamda T et al. Outcomes of 83 fetuses exposed to angiotensin receptor blockers during the second or third trimesters: a literature review. Hypertens Res. 2015;38(5):308-13.
- Barr M. Teratogen update: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Teratology 1994;50:399-409.
- Weber-Schoendorfer C, Kayser A, Tissen-Diabaté T, Winterfeld U, Eleftheriou G, Te Winkel B et al. Fetotoxic risk of AT1 blockers exceeds that of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: an observational study. J Hypertens. 2020;38(1):133-141.
- Cooper WO, Hernandez-Diaz S, Arbogast PG, Dudley JA, Dyer S, Gideon PS, Hall K, Ray WA. Major congenital malformations after first-trimester exposure to ACE inhibitors. N Engl J Med 2006;354:2443-51.
- Lennestål R, Otterblad Olausson P, Källén B. Maternal use of antihypertensive drugs in early pregnancy and delivery outcome, notably the presence of congenital heart defects in the infants. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2009;65:615-25.
- Li DK, Yang C, Andrade S, Tavares V, Ferber JR. Maternal exposure to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in the first trimester and risk of malformations in offspring: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ. 2011;343:d5931.
- Walfisch A, Al-maawali A, Moretti ME, Nickel C, Koren G. Teratogenicity of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or receptor blockers. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2011;31:465-72.
- Hoeltzenbein M, Tissen-Diabaté T, Fietz AK, Zinke S, Kayser A, Meister R et al. Increased rate of birth defects after first trimester use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors - Treatment or hypertension related? An observational cohort study. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2018;13(13):65-71.
- Fu J, Tomlinson G, Feig DS. Increased risk of major congenital malformations in early pregnancy use of angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor-blockers: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2021;37(8):e3453.