6/10/2026

Janusmed fosterpåverkan

Janusmed fosterpåverkan – Citodon

Janusmed fosterpåverkan tillhandahåller bedömningar av eventuella risker för fostret, när en gravid kvinna använder olika läkemedel. Observera att texterna är generella, och att en bedömning måste göras i varje enskilt fall. Om du inte är medicinskt utbildad, läs först vår information för patienter och allmänhet.

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Kodein

Kodein

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  1. Broussard CS, Rasmussen SA, Reefhuis J, Friedman JM, Jann MW, Riehle-Colarusso T, et al. Maternal treatment with opioid analgesics and risk for birth defects. Am J Obstet 2011;204:314.

  2. Heinonen OP, Slone D, Shapiro S. Birth Defects and Drugs in Pregnancy. Publishing Sciences Group, Littleton, Mass. 1977.

  3. Nezvalová-Henriksen K, Spigset O, Nordeng H. Effects of codeine on pregnancy outcome: results from a large population-based cohort study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2011;67:1253-61.

  4. Wurst KE, Zedler BK, Joyce AR, Sasinowski M, Murrelle EL. A Swedish Population-based Study of Adverse Birth Outcomes among Pregnant Women Treated with Buprenorphine or Methadone: Preliminary Findings. Subst Abuse. 2016;10:89-97.

  5. Bowie AC, Werler MM, Velez MP, Li W, Camden A, Guttmann A et al. Prescribed opioid analgesics in early pregnancy and the risk of congenital anomalies: a population-based cohort study. CMAJ. 2022;194(5):E152-E162.

  6. Wang X, Wang Y, Tang B, Feng X. Opioid exposure during pregnancy and the risk of congenital malformation: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022;22(1):401.

  7. Jones HE, Kaltenbach K, Heil SH, Stine SM, Coyle MG, Arria AM et al. Neonatal abstinence syndrome after methadone or buprenorphine exposure. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:2320-31.

  8. Kakko J, Heilig M, Sarman I. Buprenorphine and methadone treatment of opiate dependence during pregnancy: comparison of fetal growth and neonatal outcomes in two consecutive case series. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2008;96:69-78.

  9. Gaalema DE, Scott TL, Heil SH, Coyle MG, Kaltenbach K, Badger GJ et al. Differences in the profile of neonatal abstinence syndrome signs in methadone- versus buprenorphine-exposed neonates. Addiction. 2012;107 Suppl 1:53-62.

  10. Sharpe C, Kuschel C. Outcomes of infants born to mothers receiving methadone for pain management in pregnancy. Arch Dis Childh 2004;89:F33-F36.

  11. Finnegan LP. Pathophysiological and behavioural effects of the transplacental transfer of narcotic drugs to the foetuses and neonates of narcotic-dependent mothers. Bull Narc 1979;31:1-58.

  12. Bunikowski R, Grimmer I, Heiser A et al. Neurodevelopmental outcome after prenatal exposure to opiates. Eur J Pediatr 1998;157:724-30.

  1. Broussard CS, Rasmussen SA, Reefhuis J, Friedman JM, Jann MW, Riehle-Colarusso T, et al. Maternal treatment with opioid analgesics and risk for birth defects. Am J Obstet 2011;204:314.
  2. Heinonen OP, Slone D, Shapiro S. Birth Defects and Drugs in Pregnancy. Publishing Sciences Group, Littleton, Mass. 1977.
  3. Nezvalová-Henriksen K, Spigset O, Nordeng H. Effects of codeine on pregnancy outcome: results from a large population-based cohort study. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2011;67:1253-61.
  4. Wurst KE, Zedler BK, Joyce AR, Sasinowski M, Murrelle EL. A Swedish Population-based Study of Adverse Birth Outcomes among Pregnant Women Treated with Buprenorphine or Methadone: Preliminary Findings. Subst Abuse. 2016;10:89-97.
  5. Bowie AC, Werler MM, Velez MP, Li W, Camden A, Guttmann A et al. Prescribed opioid analgesics in early pregnancy and the risk of congenital anomalies: a population-based cohort study. CMAJ. 2022;194(5):E152-E162.
  6. Wang X, Wang Y, Tang B, Feng X. Opioid exposure during pregnancy and the risk of congenital malformation: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2022;22(1):401.
  7. Jones HE, Kaltenbach K, Heil SH, Stine SM, Coyle MG, Arria AM et al. Neonatal abstinence syndrome after methadone or buprenorphine exposure. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:2320-31.
  8. Kakko J, Heilig M, Sarman I. Buprenorphine and methadone treatment of opiate dependence during pregnancy: comparison of fetal growth and neonatal outcomes in two consecutive case series. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2008;96:69-78.
  9. Gaalema DE, Scott TL, Heil SH, Coyle MG, Kaltenbach K, Badger GJ et al. Differences in the profile of neonatal abstinence syndrome signs in methadone- versus buprenorphine-exposed neonates. Addiction. 2012;107 Suppl 1:53-62.
  10. Sharpe C, Kuschel C. Outcomes of infants born to mothers receiving methadone for pain management in pregnancy. Arch Dis Childh 2004;89:F33-F36.
  11. Finnegan LP. Pathophysiological and behavioural effects of the transplacental transfer of narcotic drugs to the foetuses and neonates of narcotic-dependent mothers. Bull Narc 1979;31:1-58.
  12. Bunikowski R, Grimmer I, Heiser A et al. Neurodevelopmental outcome after prenatal exposure to opiates. Eur J Pediatr 1998;157:724-30.
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Paracetamol

Paracetamol

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  1. UK Teratology Information Service (UKTIS). Therapeutic use of paracetamol in pregnancy August 2023 Version 2. UKTIS [www]. [cited 2024-05-02].

  2. Bauer AZ, Swan SH, Kriebel D, Liew Z, Taylor HS, Bornehag CG, Andrade AM, Olsen J, Jensen RH, Mitchell RT, Skakkebaek NE, Jégou B, Kristensen DM. Paracetamol use during pregnancy - a call for precautionary action. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2021;12:757-766.

  3. Ricci, C, Albanese, CM, Pablo, LA, et al. In utero acetaminophen exposure and child neurodevelopmental outcomes: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2023; 00: 1- 12. doi:10.1111/ppe.12963

  4. Ystrom E, Gustavson K, Brandlistuen RE, Knudsen GP, Magnus P, Susser E et al. Prenatal Exposure to Acetaminophen and Risk of ADHD. Pediatrics. 2017;140:.

  5. Liew Z, Ritz B, Rebordosa C, Lee PC, Olsen J. Acetaminophen use during pregnancy, behavioral problems, and hyperkinetic disorders. JAMA Pediatr. 2014;168:313-20.

  6. Brandlistuen RE, Ystrom E, Nulman I, Koren G, Nordeng H. Prenatal paracetamol exposure and child neurodevelopment: a sibling-controlled cohort study. Int J Epidemiol. 2013;42:1702-13.

  7. Damkier P, Gram EB, Ceulemans M, Panchaud A, Cleary B, Chambers C et al. Acetaminophen in Pregnancy and Attention-Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Obstet Gynecol. 2025;145(2):168-176.

  8. Damkier P, Cleary B, Weber-Schoendorfer C, Shechtman S, Cassina M, Panchaud A et al. Handle with care - interpretation, synthesis and dissemination of data on paracetamol in pregnancy. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2021.

  9. Ahlqvist VH, Sjöqvist H, Dalman C, Karlsson H, Stephansson O, Johansson S et al. Acetaminophen Use During Pregnancy and Children's Risk of Autism, ADHD, and Intellectual Disability. JAMA. 2024;331(14):1205-1214.

  10. Prahm KP, Chen P, Rode L, Ekelund CK, Husby KR, Bergholt T, Lidegaard Ø, Scheller NM, Mikkelsen AP. Acetaminophen Exposure During Pregnancy and the Risk of Autism in Offspring. JAMA Pediatr. 2026 Apr 13:e260646. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.0646. Epub ahead of print.

  11. Gustavson, K., Ystrom, E., Ask, H., Ask Torvik, F., Hornig, M., Susser, E., Lipkin, W.I., Lupattelli, A., Stoltenberg, C., Magnus, P., Mjaaland, S., Askeland, R.B., Walle, K.M., Bresnahan, M., Nordeng, H. and Reichborn-Kjennerud, T. (2021), Acetaminophen use during pregnancy and offspring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder – a longitudinal sibling control study. JCPP Advances, 1: e12020. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcv2.12020

  12. Okubo Y, Hayakawa I, Sugitate R, Nariai H. Maternal Acetaminophen Use and Offspring's Neurodevelopmental Outcome: A Nationwide Birth Cohort Study. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2025 Sep 2. doi: 10.1111/ppe.70071. Epub ahead of print.

  13. D'Antonio, Francesco et al. Prenatal paracetamol exposure and child neurodevelopment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Obstetrics, Gynaecology, & Women’s Health. 2026 Jan 16; doi: 10.1016/S3050-5038(25)00211-0. Online first

  14. Fan G, Wang B, Liu C, Li D. Prenatal paracetamol use and asthma in childhood: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2017;45(6):528-533.

  15. Shaheen SO, Lundholm C, Brew BK, Almqvist C. Prescribed analgesics in pregnancy and risk of childhood asthma. Eur Respir J. 2019;53(5).

  16. Källén B, Finnström O, Nygren KG, Otterblad Olausson P. Maternal drug use during pregnancy and asthma risk among children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2013;24:28-32.

  17. UK Teratology Information Service (UKTIS). Paracetamol overdose in pregnancy August, 2023 Version 14. UKTIS [www]. [cited 2024-05-02].

  18. McElhatton PR, Sullivan FM, Volans GN. Paracetamol overdose in pregnancy analysis of the outcomes of 300 cases referred to the Teratology Information Service. Reprod Toxicol. 1997;11:85-94.

  1. UK Teratology Information Service (UKTIS). Therapeutic use of paracetamol in pregnancy August 2023 Version 2. UKTIS [www]. [cited 2024-05-02].
  2. Bauer AZ, Swan SH, Kriebel D, Liew Z, Taylor HS, Bornehag CG, Andrade AM, Olsen J, Jensen RH, Mitchell RT, Skakkebaek NE, Jégou B, Kristensen DM. Paracetamol use during pregnancy - a call for precautionary action. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2021;12:757-766.
  3. Ricci, C, Albanese, CM, Pablo, LA, et al. In utero acetaminophen exposure and child neurodevelopmental outcomes: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2023; 00: 1- 12. doi:10.1111/ppe.12963
  4. Ystrom E, Gustavson K, Brandlistuen RE, Knudsen GP, Magnus P, Susser E et al. Prenatal Exposure to Acetaminophen and Risk of ADHD. Pediatrics. 2017;140:.
  5. Liew Z, Ritz B, Rebordosa C, Lee PC, Olsen J. Acetaminophen use during pregnancy, behavioral problems, and hyperkinetic disorders. JAMA Pediatr. 2014;168:313-20.
  6. Brandlistuen RE, Ystrom E, Nulman I, Koren G, Nordeng H. Prenatal paracetamol exposure and child neurodevelopment: a sibling-controlled cohort study. Int J Epidemiol. 2013;42:1702-13.
  7. Damkier P, Gram EB, Ceulemans M, Panchaud A, Cleary B, Chambers C et al. Acetaminophen in Pregnancy and Attention-Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Obstet Gynecol. 2025;145(2):168-176.
  8. Damkier P, Cleary B, Weber-Schoendorfer C, Shechtman S, Cassina M, Panchaud A et al. Handle with care - interpretation, synthesis and dissemination of data on paracetamol in pregnancy. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2021.
  9. Ahlqvist VH, Sjöqvist H, Dalman C, Karlsson H, Stephansson O, Johansson S et al. Acetaminophen Use During Pregnancy and Children's Risk of Autism, ADHD, and Intellectual Disability. JAMA. 2024;331(14):1205-1214.
  10. Prahm KP, Chen P, Rode L, Ekelund CK, Husby KR, Bergholt T, Lidegaard Ø, Scheller NM, Mikkelsen AP. Acetaminophen Exposure During Pregnancy and the Risk of Autism in Offspring. JAMA Pediatr. 2026 Apr 13:e260646. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2026.0646. Epub ahead of print.
  11. Gustavson, K., Ystrom, E., Ask, H., Ask Torvik, F., Hornig, M., Susser, E., Lipkin, W.I., Lupattelli, A., Stoltenberg, C., Magnus, P., Mjaaland, S., Askeland, R.B., Walle, K.M., Bresnahan, M., Nordeng, H. and Reichborn-Kjennerud, T. (2021), Acetaminophen use during pregnancy and offspring attention deficit hyperactivity disorder – a longitudinal sibling control study. JCPP Advances, 1: e12020. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcv2.12020
  12. Okubo Y, Hayakawa I, Sugitate R, Nariai H. Maternal Acetaminophen Use and Offspring's Neurodevelopmental Outcome: A Nationwide Birth Cohort Study. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2025 Sep 2. doi: 10.1111/ppe.70071. Epub ahead of print.
  13. D'Antonio, Francesco et al. Prenatal paracetamol exposure and child neurodevelopment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Obstetrics, Gynaecology, & Women’s Health. 2026 Jan 16; doi: 10.1016/S3050-5038(25)00211-0. Online first
  14. Fan G, Wang B, Liu C, Li D. Prenatal paracetamol use and asthma in childhood: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2017;45(6):528-533.
  15. Shaheen SO, Lundholm C, Brew BK, Almqvist C. Prescribed analgesics in pregnancy and risk of childhood asthma. Eur Respir J. 2019;53(5).
  16. Källén B, Finnström O, Nygren KG, Otterblad Olausson P. Maternal drug use during pregnancy and asthma risk among children. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2013;24:28-32.
  17. UK Teratology Information Service (UKTIS). Paracetamol overdose in pregnancy August, 2023 Version 14. UKTIS [www]. [cited 2024-05-02].
  18. McElhatton PR, Sullivan FM, Volans GN. Paracetamol overdose in pregnancy analysis of the outcomes of 300 cases referred to the Teratology Information Service. Reprod Toxicol. 1997;11:85-94.