Karbimazol
Karbimazol
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Bliddal S, Rasmussen AK, Sundberg K, Brocks V, Feldt-Rasmussen U. Antithyroid drug-induced fetal goitrous hypothyroidism. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2011;7(7):396-406.
Momotani N, Noh JY, Ishikawa N, Ito K. Effects of propylthiouracil and methimazole on fetal thyroid status in mothers with Graves' hyperthyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82:3633-6.
Grüner C, Kollert A, Wildt L, Dörr HG, Beinder E, Lang N. Intrauterine treatment of fetal goitrous hypothyroidism controlled by determination of thyroid-stimulating hormone in fetal serum A case report and review of the literature. Fetal Diagn Ther.2001;16:47-51.
HAWE P, FRANCIS HH. Pregnancy and thyrotoxicosis. Br Med J. 1962;2:817-22.
Cooper DS, Laurberg P. Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2013;1:238-49.
Andersen SL, Lönn S, Vestergaard P, Törring O. Birth defects after use of antithyroid drugs in early pregnancy: a Swedish nationwide study. Eur J Endocrinol. 2017;177:369-378.
Li H, Zheng J, Luo J, Zeng R, Feng N, Zhu N et al. Congenital anomalies in children exposed to antithyroid drugs in-utero: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0126610.
Yoshihara A, Noh J, Yamaguchi T, Ohye H, Sato S, Sekiya K et al. Treatment of graves' disease with antithyroid drugs in the first trimester of pregnancy and the prevalence of congenital malformation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97:2396-403.
Andersen SL, Olsen J, Wu CS, Laurberg P. Birth defects after early pregnancy use of antithyroid drugs: a Danish nationwide study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98:4373-81.
Laurberg P, Andersen SL. Therapy of endocrine disease: antithyroid drug use in early pregnancy and birth defects: time windows of relative safety and high risk?. Eur J Endocrinol. 2014;171:R13-20.
Barbero P, Ricagni C, Mercado G, Bronberg R, Torrado M. Choanal atresia associated with prenatal methimazole exposure: three new patients. Am J Med Genet A 2004;129:83-6.
Ferraris S, Valenzise M, Lerone M, Divizia MT, Rosaia L, Blaid D, Nemelka O, Ferrero GB, Silengo M. Malformations following methimazole exposure in utero: An open issue. Birth Defects Research Part A 2003;67:989-92.
Clementi M, Di Gianantonio E, Pelo E et al. Methimazole embryopathy: delineation of the phenotype. Am J Med Genet 1999;83:43-6.
Di Gianantonio E, Schaefer C, Mastroiacovo P, Cournot MP, Benedicenti F, Reuvers M et al. Adverse effects of prenatal methimazole exposure. Teratology 2001;64:262-6.
Seo GH, Kim TH, Chung JH. Antithyroid Drugs and Congenital Malformations: A Nationwide Korean Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med. 2018;6(168):405-413.
Song R, Lin H, Chen Y, Zhang X, Feng W. Effects of methimazole and propylthiouracil exposure during pregnancy on the risk of neonatal congenital malformations: A meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017;12(7):e0180108.
Agrawal M, Lewis S, Premawardhana L, Dayan CM, Taylor PN, Okosieme OE. Antithyroid drug therapy in pregnancy and risk of congenital anomalies: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2021.
Morales DR, Fonkwen L, Nordeng HME. Antithyroid drug use during pregnancy and the risk of birth defects in offspring: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies with methodological considerations. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2021;87(10):3890-3900.
- Bliddal S, Rasmussen AK, Sundberg K, Brocks V, Feldt-Rasmussen U. Antithyroid drug-induced fetal goitrous hypothyroidism. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2011;7(7):396-406.
- Momotani N, Noh JY, Ishikawa N, Ito K. Effects of propylthiouracil and methimazole on fetal thyroid status in mothers with Graves' hyperthyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82:3633-6.
- Grüner C, Kollert A, Wildt L, Dörr HG, Beinder E, Lang N. Intrauterine treatment of fetal goitrous hypothyroidism controlled by determination of thyroid-stimulating hormone in fetal serum A case report and review of the literature. Fetal Diagn Ther.2001;16:47-51.
- HAWE P, FRANCIS HH. Pregnancy and thyrotoxicosis. Br Med J. 1962;2:817-22.
- Cooper DS, Laurberg P. Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2013;1:238-49.
- Andersen SL, Lönn S, Vestergaard P, Törring O. Birth defects after use of antithyroid drugs in early pregnancy: a Swedish nationwide study. Eur J Endocrinol. 2017;177:369-378.
- Li H, Zheng J, Luo J, Zeng R, Feng N, Zhu N et al. Congenital anomalies in children exposed to antithyroid drugs in-utero: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. PLoS One. 2015;10:e0126610.
- Yoshihara A, Noh J, Yamaguchi T, Ohye H, Sato S, Sekiya K et al. Treatment of graves' disease with antithyroid drugs in the first trimester of pregnancy and the prevalence of congenital malformation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97:2396-403.
- Andersen SL, Olsen J, Wu CS, Laurberg P. Birth defects after early pregnancy use of antithyroid drugs: a Danish nationwide study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98:4373-81.
- Laurberg P, Andersen SL. Therapy of endocrine disease: antithyroid drug use in early pregnancy and birth defects: time windows of relative safety and high risk?. Eur J Endocrinol. 2014;171:R13-20.
- Barbero P, Ricagni C, Mercado G, Bronberg R, Torrado M. Choanal atresia associated with prenatal methimazole exposure: three new patients. Am J Med Genet A 2004;129:83-6.
- Ferraris S, Valenzise M, Lerone M, Divizia MT, Rosaia L, Blaid D, Nemelka O, Ferrero GB, Silengo M. Malformations following methimazole exposure in utero: An open issue. Birth Defects Research Part A 2003;67:989-92.
- Clementi M, Di Gianantonio E, Pelo E et al. Methimazole embryopathy: delineation of the phenotype. Am J Med Genet 1999;83:43-6.
- Di Gianantonio E, Schaefer C, Mastroiacovo P, Cournot MP, Benedicenti F, Reuvers M et al. Adverse effects of prenatal methimazole exposure. Teratology 2001;64:262-6.
- Seo GH, Kim TH, Chung JH. Antithyroid Drugs and Congenital Malformations: A Nationwide Korean Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med. 2018;6(168):405-413.
- Song R, Lin H, Chen Y, Zhang X, Feng W. Effects of methimazole and propylthiouracil exposure during pregnancy on the risk of neonatal congenital malformations: A meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017;12(7):e0180108.
- Agrawal M, Lewis S, Premawardhana L, Dayan CM, Taylor PN, Okosieme OE. Antithyroid drug therapy in pregnancy and risk of congenital anomalies: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2021.
- Morales DR, Fonkwen L, Nordeng HME. Antithyroid drug use during pregnancy and the risk of birth defects in offspring: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies with methodological considerations. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2021;87(10):3890-3900.