Wiesinger H, Klein S, Rottmann A, et al. The Effects of Weak and Strong CYP3A Induction by Rifampicin on the Pharmacokinetics of Five Progestins and Ethinylestradiol Compared to Midazolam. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 2020 Apr 10.

Weaver K, Glasier A. Interaction between broad-spectrum antibiotics and the combined oral contraceptive pill. A literature review. Contraception. 1999;59:71-8.

Dickinson BD, Altman RD, Nielsen NH, Sterling ML, . Drug interactions between oral contraceptives and antibiotics. Obstet Gynecol. 2001;98:853-60.

Carten ML, Kiser JJ, Kwara A, Mawhinney S, Cu-Uvin S. Pharmacokinetic interactions between the hormonal emergency contraception, levonorgestrel (Plan B), and Efavirenz. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2012;2012:137192.

Efavirenz (Stocrin). MSD. Product Information 2014.

Sevinsky H, Eley T, Persson A, Garner D, Yones C, Nettles R et al. The effect of efavirenz on the pharmacokinetics of an oral contraceptive containing ethinyl estradiol and norgestimate in healthy HIV-negative women. Antivir Ther. 2011;16:149-56.

Scarsi KK, Darin KM, Nakalema S, Back DJ, Byakika-Kibwika P, Else LJ et al. Unintended Pregnancies Observed With Combined Use of the Levonorgestrel Contraceptive Implant and Efavirenz-based Antiretroviral Therapy: A Three-Arm Pharmacokinetic Evaluation Over 48 Weeks. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;62:675-82.

Nanda K, Stuart GS, Robinson J, Gray AL, Tepper NK, Gaffield ME. Drug Interactions between Hormonal Contraceptives and Antiretrovirals: A Systematic Review. AIDS. 2017.

Shelton JD. Reduced Effectiveness of Contraceptive Implants for Women Taking the Antiretroviral Efavirenz (EFV): Still Good Enough and for How Long?. Glob Health Sci Pract. 2015;3:528-31.

Munkwase G, Bisaso KR, Kakaire O, Nanzigu S. Effect of Efavirenz on Endogenous Progesterone Concentrations and Contraceptive Outcomes among Ugandan HIV Infected Women Coadministering Ethinylestradiol/Levonorgestrel. AIDS Res Treat. 2017;2017:6531709.

Landolt NK, Phanuphak N, Ubolyam S, Pinyakorn S, Kerr S, Ahluwalia J et al. Significant decrease of ethinylestradiol with nevirapine, and of etonogestrel with efavirenz in HIV-positive women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014;66:e50-2.

Perry SH, Swamy P, Preidis GA, Mwanyumba A, Motsa N, Sarero HN. Implementing the Jadelle implant for women living with HIV in a resource-limited setting: concerns for drug interactions leading to unintended pregnancies. AIDS. 2014;28:791-3.

Watts DH, Park JG, Cohn SE, Yu S, Hitti J, Stek A et al. Safety and tolerability of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate among HIV-infected women on antiretroviral therapy: ACTG A5093. Contraception. 2008;77:84-90.

Cohn SE, Park JG, Watts DH, Stek A, Hitti J, Clax PA et al. Depo-medroxyprogesterone in women on antiretroviral therapy: effective contraception and lack of clinically significant interactions. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007;81:222-7.

Agyemang N, Scarsi KK, Baker P, et al. Pharmacogenetic interactions of efavirenz or rifampin and isoniazid with levonorgestrel emergency contraception during treatment of HIV or tuberculosis. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2023 Aug 1;33(6):126-35.

Pfrunder A, Schiesser M, Gerber S, Haschke M, Bitzer J, Drewe J. Interaction of St John's wort with low-dose oral contraceptive therapy: a randomized controlled trial. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2003;56:683-90.

Hall SD, Wang Z, Huang SM, Hamman MA, Vasavada N, Adigun AQ et al. The interaction between St John's wort and an oral contraceptive. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2003;74:525-35.

Murphy PA, Kern SE, Stanczyk FZ, Westhoff CL. Interaction of St. John's Wort with oral contraceptives: effects on the pharmacokinetics of norethindrone and ethinyl estradiol, ovarian activity and breakthrough bleeding. Contraception. 2005;71:402-8.

Will-Shahab L, Bauer S, Kunter U, Roots I, Brattström A. St John's wort extract (Ze 117) does not alter the pharmacokinetics of a low-dose oral contraceptive. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2009;65:287-94.

Henderson L, Yue QY, Bergquist C, Gerden B, Arlett P. St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum): drug interactions and clinical outcomes. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2002;54:349-56.

Schwarz UI, Büschel B, Kirch W. Unwanted pregnancy on self-medication with St John's wort despite hormonal contraception. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2003;55:112-3.

Yue QY, Bergquist C, Gerdén B. Safety of St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum). Lancet. 2000;355:576-7.

Back DJ, Bates M, Bowden A, Breckenridge AM, Hall MJ, Jones H et al. The interaction of phenobarbital and other anticonvulsants with oral contraceptive steroid therapy. Contraception. 1980;22:495-503.

Crawford P. Interactions between antiepileptic drugs and hormonal contraception. CNS Drugs. 2002;16:263-72.

Shane-McWhorter L, Cerveny JD, MacFarlane LL, Osborn C. Enhanced metabolism of levonorgestrel during phenobarbital treatment and resultant pregnancy. Pharmacotherapy. 1998 Nov-Dec;18:1360-4.

Back DJ, Breckenridge AM, Crawford FE, Orme ML, Rowe PH. Phenobarbitone interaction with oral contraceptive steroids in the rabbit and rat. Br J Pharmacol. 1980;69:441-52.

Crawford P, Chadwick DJ, Martin C, Tjia J, Back DJ, Orme M. The interaction of phenytoin and carbamazepine with combined oral contraceptive steroids. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1990;30:892-6.

Crawford P. Interactions between antiepileptic drugs and hormonal contraception. CNS Drugs. 2002;16:263-72.

Stockley IH. Drug Interactons. (Edition 11/2004). 2004.

Kenyon IE. Unplanned pregnancy in an epileptic. Br Med J. 1972;1:686-7.

Odlind V, Olsson SE. Enhanced metabolism of levonorgestrel during phenytoin treatment in a woman with Norplant implants. Contraception. 1986;33:257-61.

Haukkamaa M. Contraception by Norplant subdermal capsules is not reliable in epileptic patients on anticonvulsant treatment. Contraception. 1986;33:559-65.

Watts DH, Park JG, Cohn SE, Yu S, Hitti J, Stek A et al. Safety and tolerability of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate among HIV-infected women on antiretroviral therapy: ACTG A5093. Contraception. 2008;77:84-90.

Cohn SE, Park JG, Watts DH, Stek A, Hitti J, Clax PA et al. Depo-medroxyprogesterone in women on antiretroviral therapy: effective contraception and lack of clinically significant interactions. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007;81:222-7.

Klosterskov Jensen P, Saano V, Haring P, Svenstrup B, Menge GP. Possible interaction between oxcarbazepine and an oral contraceptive. Epilepsia. 1992 Nov-Dec;33:1149-52.

Fattore C, Cipolla G, Gatti G, Limido GL, Sturm Y, Bernasconi C et al. Induction of ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel metabolism by oxcarbazepine in healthy women. Epilepsia. 1999;40:783-7.

LeBel M, Masson E, Guilbert E, Colborn D, Paquet F, Allard S et al. Effects of rifabutin and rifampicin on the pharmacokinetics of ethinylestradiol and norethindrone. J Clin Pharmacol. 1998;38:1042-50.

Barditch-Crovo P, Trapnell CB, Ette E, Zacur HA, Coresh J, Rocco LE et al. The effects of rifampin and rifabutin on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a combination oral contraceptive. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1999;65:428-38.

Agenerase (amprenavir). Scientific discussion. 2004.

Baxter K (Ed). Stockley’s Drug Interactions. London : Pharmaceutical Press. Electronic Version (Edition 01/06/2005).

Viracept (nelfinavir). Roche. SPC,EPAR. 2005.

Ouellet D, Hsu A, Qian J, Locke CS, Eason CJ, Cavanaugh JH et al. Effect of ritonavir on the pharmacokinetics of ethinyl oestradiol in healthy female volunteers. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1998;46:111-6.

EMEA. Aptivus (tipranavir). Scientific discussion. 2005.

Kancheva Landolt N, Bunupuradah T, Kosalaraksa P, Ubolyam S, Thammajaruk N, Cremers S et al. High Variability of Hormonal Levels and No Clinically Relevant Interaction Between Ethinyl Estradiol, Desogestrel and Lopinavir/Ritonavir in a Small Sample of HIV-positive Adolescents. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2016;72:507-12.

Zhang J, Chung E, Yones C, Persson A, Mahnke L, Eley T et al. The effect of atazanavir/ritonavir on the pharmacokinetics of an oral contraceptive containing ethinyl estradiol and norgestimate in healthy women. Antivir Ther. 2011;16:157-64.

Scarsi KK, Cramer YS, Rosenkranz SL, Aweeka F, Berzins B, Coombs RW et al. Antiretroviral therapy and vaginally administered contraceptive hormones: a three-arm, pharmacokinetic study. Lancet HIV. 2019;6:e601-e612.

DuBois BN, Atrio J, Stanczyk FZ, Cherala G. Increased exposure of norethindrone in HIV+ women treated with ritonavir-boosted atazanavir therapy. Contraception. 2015;91:71-5.

Crixivan (indinavir). Merck Sharp & Dohme Limited. Product Information. Revised 7/2014.

Aptivus (tipranavir/ritonavir). Boehringer Ingelheim Limited. Product Information 10/2014.

Vieira CS, Bahamondes MV, de Souza RM, Brito MB, Rocha Prandini TR, Amaral E et al. Effect of antiretroviral therapy including lopinavir/ritonavir or efavirenz on etonogestrel-releasing implant pharmacokinetics in HIV-positive women. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014;66:378-85.

Preston CL (Ed). Stockley´s Drug Interactions. London: Pharmaceutical Press. Electronic Version 2021-04-28. 2021

Barcellos T, Natavio M, Stanczyk FZ, et al. Effects of ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors on combined oral contraceptive pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in HIV-positive women. Contraception. 2019 Oct;100(4):283-7.

Clark RA, Theall K. Population-based study evaluating association between selected antiretroviral therapies and potential oral contraceptive failure. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2004;37:1219-20.

van Erp NP, Guchelaar HJ, Ploeger BA, Romijn JA, Hartigh J, Gelderblom H. Mitotane has a strong and a durable inducing effect on CYP3A4 activity. Eur J Endocrinol. 2011;164:621-6.

Kroiss M, Quinkler M, Lutz WK, Allolio B, Fassnacht M. Drug interactions with mitotane by induction of CYP3A4 metabolism in the clinical management of adrenocortical carcinoma. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2011;75:585-91.

Lysodren (mitotane). Laboratoire HRA Pharma. EMA EPAR Scientific Discussion. 24/01/2006.

Lysodren (mitotane). Laboratoire HRA Pharma. EMA EPAR Product Information. 06/05/2011.

Prezista (darunavir). Scientific discussion. 2006.