6/10/2023

Janusmed kön och genus

Janusmed kön och genus – flutikasonpropionat

Janusmed kön och genus är ett kunskapsstöd som tillhandahåller information om köns- och genusaspekter på läkemedelsbehandling. Kunskapsstödet är avsedd främst för hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal. Texterna är generella och ska inte ses som behandlingsriktlinjer. Det är alltid behandlande läkare som ansvarar för patientens medicinering.

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Flutikason – hudläkemedel

Flutikason – hudläkemedel

Klass: A

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Produkter

Flutivate

Flutivate
ATC-koder

D07AC17

D07AC17
Substanser

flutikason, flutikasonfuroat, flutikasonpropionat

flutikason, flutikasonfuroat, flutikasonpropionat
Sammanfattning

Det finns enstaka studier med analys av könsskillnader vad gäller effekt av flutikason kräm/salva men resultaten är motstridiga och den kliniska relevansen oklar.

Det finns enstaka studier med analys av könsskillnader vad gäller effekt av flutikason kräm/salva men resultaten är motstridiga och den kliniska relevansen oklar.
Background

Pharmacokinetics and dosing
No studies with a clinically relevant sex analysis regarding  pharmacokinetics and dosing of fluticasone have been found.

Effects
A placebo controlled study in patients with atopic eczema (156 male, 216 female) a reduction in the risk of flare development and lengthening of the time to the first flare after application of fluticasone 0.05% cream was demonstrated and subgroup analyses showed no difference between men and women regarding the primary efficacy parameter [1].
In an another placebo controlled study (29 boys, 46 girls) assessing the efficacy and safety of fluticasone 0.005% ointment in the maintenance treatment of children with atopic dermatitis, a highly statistically significant treatment effect was observed in girls (p < 0.001) [2]. The authors suggested that compliance factors and treatment preferences (i.e. perhaps boys do not like ointment-based formulations) may have influenced the results. However, the total number of boys was small and there was an imbalance in ratio of boys/girls between treatment groups; 13 (33%): 26 (67%) in the......

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# Pharmacokinetics and dosing No studies with a clinically relevant sex analysis regarding  pharmacokinetics and dosing of fluticasone have been found. # Effects A placebo controlled study in patients with atopic eczema (156 male, 216 female) a reduction in the risk of flare development and lengthening of the time to the first flare after application of fluticasone 0.05% cream was demonstrated and subgroup analyses showed no difference between men and women regarding the primary efficacy parameter [1]. In an another placebo controlled study (29 boys, 46 girls) assessing the efficacy and safety of fluticasone 0.005% ointment in the maintenance treatment of children with atopic dermatitis, a highly statistically significant treatment effect was observed in girls (p < 0.001) [2]. The authors suggested that compliance factors and treatment preferences (i.e. perhaps boys do not like ointment-based formulations) may have influenced the results. However, the total number of boys was small and there was an imbalance in ratio of boys/girls between treatment groups; 13 (33%): 26 (67%) in the fluticasone group and 16 (44%):20 (56%) respectively in the placebo group.   # Adverse effects Both men and women have been included in most of the safety studies of topical fluticasone cream/ointment. However, no analysis of sex differences have been found and sex-divided data is lacking [2, 3]. # Reproductive health issues Regarding teratogenic aspects, please consult Janusmed Drugs and Birth Defects (in Swedish, Janusmed fosterpåverkan).
Försäljning på recept

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Fler kvinnor än män hämtade ut kräm innehållande flutikason (ATC-kod D07AC17) på recept i Sverige år 2015, totalt 1 560 kvinnor och 1 288 män. Det motsvarar 0,32 respektive 0,26 personer per tusen invånare. Andelen som hämtade ut läkemedel var högst i åldersgruppen 65-69 år hos kvinnor och 70-74 år hos män. Totalt sett var kräm innehållande flutikason 1,2 gånger vanligare hos kvinnor [4].
Referenser

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  1. Hanifin J, Gupta AK, Rajagopalan R. Intermittent dosing of fluticasone propionate cream for reducing the risk of relapse in atopic dermatitis patients. Br J Dermatol. 2002;147:528-37.

  2. Glazenburg EJ, Wolkerstorfer A, Gerretsen AL, Mulder PG, Oranje AP. Efficacy and safety of fluticasone propionate 0005% ointment in the long-term maintenance treatment of children with atopic dermatitis: differences between boys and girls?. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2009;20:59-66.

  3. Roeder A, Schaller M, Schäfer-Korting M, Korting HC. Safety and efficacy of fluticasone propionate in the topical treatment of skin diseases. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2005;18:3-11.

  4. Läkemedelsstatistik. Stockholm: Socialstyrelsen. 2015 [cited 2016-12-27.]

  1. Hanifin J, Gupta AK, Rajagopalan R. Intermittent dosing of fluticasone propionate cream for reducing the risk of relapse in atopic dermatitis patients. Br J Dermatol. 2002;147:528-37.
  2. Glazenburg EJ, Wolkerstorfer A, Gerretsen AL, Mulder PG, Oranje AP. Efficacy and safety of fluticasone propionate 0005% ointment in the long-term maintenance treatment of children with atopic dermatitis: differences between boys and girls?. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2009;20:59-66.
  3. Roeder A, Schaller M, Schäfer-Korting M, Korting HC. Safety and efficacy of fluticasone propionate in the topical treatment of skin diseases. Skin Pharmacol Physiol. 2005;18:3-11.
  4. Läkemedelsstatistik. Stockholm: Socialstyrelsen. 2015 [cited 2016-12-27.]
Uppdaterat

Litteratursökningsdatum 12/13/2016

Litteratursökningsdatum 12/13/2016
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A A

Flutikason – för inhalation

Flutikason – för inhalation

Klass: A

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Produkter

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Aerivio Spiromax, Airflusal Forspiro, Atemur Diskus, Br......

Aerivio Spiromax, Airflusal Forspiro, Atemur Diskus, Brisomax Diskus, Brisomax Diskus forte, Flixotide Diskus, Flixotide Evohaler, Flixotide Evohaler 250 micrograms, Fluticasone Cipla, Flutide Diskus, Flutide Evohaler, Flutiform, Flutiform K-haler, Icsori, Novucaeli, RELVAR ELLIPTA, Relanio, Salflumix Easyhaler, Salmeterol/Fluticasone Abacus Medicine, Salmeterol/Fluticasone Cipla, Salmeterol/Fluticasone Neutec, Salmeterol/Flutikason 2care4, Salmeterol/Flutikason Ebb, Salmex, Seretaide Diskus, Seretide Diskus, Seretide Diskus Mite, Seretide Diskus forte, Seretide Diskus mite, Seretide Evohaler, Seretide Evohaler forte, Seretide Evohaler mite, Trelegy Ellipta, Veraspir Diskus
ATC-koder

R03AK06, R03AK10, R03AK11, R03AL08, R03BA05

R03AK06, R03AK10, R03AK11, R03AL08, R03BA05
Substanser

flutikason, flutikasonfuroat, flutikasonpropionat

flutikason, flutikasonfuroat, flutikasonpropionat
Sammanfattning

Det finns enstaka studier med analys av könsskillnader vad gäller effekt och säkerhet av flutikason men resultaten är motstridiga och den kliniska relevansen oklar.

Det finns enstaka studier med analys av könsskillnader vad gäller effekt och säkerhet av flutikason men resultaten är motstridiga och den kliniska relevansen oklar.
Background

Pharmacokinetics and dosing
Both men and women have been included in most of the pharmacokinetic studies of fluticasone. However, no analysis of sex differences have been found and sex-divided data is lacking [5].

Effects
Difference between men and women in effects in the efficacy of fluticasone has been investigated in a post-hoc analysis of a large 1-year double-blind trial, TRISTAN where Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients (539 men, 180 women) were randomized to the salmeterol/fluticasone or placebo [6,7]. No differences between men and women was found for any study outcome; FEV improvement, a reduction in COPD exacerbation rate, a reduction in COPD exacerbation requiring treatment with oral corticosteroids and improvement in health status. 
The effect of fluticasone on airway responsiveness was investigated in a small 6 weeks randomized placebo-controlled study (10 men, 16 women in the fluticasone group) [8]. The multiple linear regression analysis found a greater effect of fluticasone in men than women (3.2 vs. 1.2 doublings, respectively, of the PD20 geom......

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# Pharmacokinetics and dosing Both men and women have been included in most of the pharmacokinetic studies of fluticasone. However, no analysis of sex differences have been found and sex-divided data is lacking [5]. # Effects Difference between men and women in effects in the efficacy of fluticasone has been investigated in a post-hoc analysis of a large 1-year double-blind trial, TRISTAN where Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients (539 men, 180 women) were randomized to the salmeterol/fluticasone or placebo [6,7]. No differences between men and women was found for any study outcome; FEV improvement, a reduction in COPD exacerbation rate, a reduction in COPD exacerbation requiring treatment with oral corticosteroids and improvement in health status.  The effect of fluticasone on airway responsiveness was investigated in a small 6 weeks randomized placebo-controlled study (10 men, 16 women in the fluticasone group) [8]. The multiple linear regression analysis found a greater effect of fluticasone in men than women (3.2 vs. 1.2 doublings, respectively, of the PD20 geometric mean). However, these findings may reflect the differences in airway responsiveness in general between men and women. The excess of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in women has also been reported [9]. A post hoc-analysis to The TORCH study, a trial investigated the effect of fluticasone and/or salmeterol therapy (4631 men, 1481 women) over 3 years showed that women were 16% less likely to die over the period of the study compared to men [10]. However, correcting for important covariates, such as degree of airflow obstruction, body mass index, region of the world, and previous myocardial infarction, this difference was not statistically significant (HR 1.16). The causes of death were similar in men and women [11].  The ISOLDE study was a trial that randomized 752 patients with moderate to severe COPD to fluticasone or placebo for three years [12]. In a longer follow-up of >13 years of the subjects with moderate to severe COPD (280 men, 95 women), male sex was one of the factors, associated with higher mortality among other factors such as older age and more severe COPD [13]. # Adverse effects A study investigated hoarseness/dysphonia in 313 patients with bronchial asthma using the fluticasone dry powder inhalers, showed that women complain of hoarseness and dysphonia more frequently than men. The authors highlighted the importance of selecting the most suitable device in this group in order to enhance the adherence [14]. In a Chinese national pharmacy database (2191 men, 3313 women), men showed higher adherence to fluticasone treatment (23% in men vs. 21% in women) [15]. # Reproductive health issues Regarding teratogenic aspects, please consult Janusmed Drugs and Birth Defects (in Swedish, Janusmed fosterpåverkan). # Other information In a study on inhalation technique using metered dose inhalers (33 men, 26 women), 75% of the participants had an incorrect inhalation technique, especially women, regardless of age. Only 4% of women and 43% of men had an acceptable inhalation technique. The authors speculate that this may add to the worse asthma prognosis in women, shown in a meta-analysis of six trials of randomly assigned asthma treatment [1]. Several studies have shown worse prognosis for women with asthma. In an observational registry study (416 men, 498 women), women were found to have more asthmatic symptoms, worse quality of life and require more health care due to their asthma [2]. In a Danish prospective study on hospitalization due to asthma (6104 men of whom 2.5% had asthma, 7436 women of whom 2.2% had asthma), women had a 1.7 higher relative risk to be hospitalized [3]. An observational study from Singapore found hospitalization due to asthma to be more common in boys than girls aged 0-4 years (boys/girls ratio 1.69). In adults aged 35-64 years, women were more hospitalized (men/women ratio 0.81) [4].
Försäljning på recept

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Fler män än kvinnor hämtade ut inhalationsspray- eller pulver innehållande flutikason (ATC-kod R03BA05) på recept i Sverige år 2019, totalt 48 460 män och 37 413 kvinnor. Det motsvarar 9,4 respektive 7,4 personer per tusen invånare. Andelen som hämtade ut läkemedel var högst i åldersgruppen 0-9 år hos båda könen. I åldersgruppen 0-19 år var inhalationsspray eller -pulver innehållande flutikason i genomsnitt 1,4 gånger vanligare hos pojkar/män och i åldersgruppen 20 år och äldre i genomsnitt 1,7 gånger vanligare hos kvinnor [16].
Referenser

Visa referenser

  1. Goodman DE, Israel E, Rosenberg M, Johnston R, Weiss ST, Drazen JM. The influence of age, diagnosis, and gender on proper use of metered-dose inhalers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994;150:1256-61.

  2. Osborne ML, Vollmer WM, Linton KL, Buist AS. Characteristics of patients with asthma within a large HMO: a comparison by age and gender. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;157:123-8.

  3. Prescott E, Lange P, Vestbo J. Effect of gender on hospital admissions for asthma and prevalence of self-reported asthma: a prospective study based on a sample of the general population Copenhagen City Heart Study Group. Thorax. 1997;52:287-9.

  4. Ng TP, Niti M, Tan WC. Trends and ethnic differences in asthma hospitalization rates in Singapore, 1991 to 1998. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2003;90:51-5.

  5. Mehta R, Riddell K, Gupta A, Louey MD, Chan RH. Comparison of the Pharmacokinetics of Salmeterol and Fluticasone Propionate 50/100 µg Delivered in Combination as a Dry Powder Via a Capsule-Based Inhaler and a Multi-Dose Inhaler. Clin Drug Investig. 2015;35:319-26.

  6. Vestbo J, Soriano JB, Anderson JA, Calverley P, Pauwels R, Jones P et al. Gender does not influence the response to the combination of salmeterol and fluticasone propionate in COPD. Respir Med. 2004;98:1045-50.

  7. Calverley P, Pauwels R, Vestbo J, Jones P, Pride N, Gulsvik A et al. Combined salmeterol and fluticasone in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2003;361:449-56.

  8. Convery RP, Leitch DN, Bromly C, Ward RJ, Bartlett G, Hendrick DJ. Effect of inhaled fluticasone propionate on airway responsiveness in treatment-naive individuals--a lesser benefit in females. Eur Respir J. 2000;15:19-24.

  9. Leynaert B, Bousquet J, Henry C, Liard R, Neukirch F. Is bronchial hyperresponsiveness more frequent in women than in men? A population-based study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;156:1413-20.

  10. Ishizuka T, Hisada T, Aoki H, Yanagitani N, Kaira K, Utsugi M et al. Gender and age risks for hoarseness and dysphonia with use of a dry powder fluticasone propionate inhaler in asthma. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2007;28:550-6.

  11. Bender BG, Pedan A, Varasteh LT. Adherence and persistence with fluticasone propionate/salmeterol combination therapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;118:899-904.

  12. Calverley PM, Anderson JA, Celli B, Ferguson GT, Jenkins C, Jones PW et al. Salmeterol and fluticasone propionate and survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:775-89.

  13. Celli B, Vestbo J, Jenkins CR, Jones PW, Ferguson GT, Calverley PM et al. Sex differences in mortality and clinical expressions of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease The TORCH experience. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;183:317-22.

  14. Burge PS, Calverley PM, Jones PW, Spencer S, Anderson JA, Maslen TK. Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study of fluticasone propionate in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the ISOLDE trial. BMJ. 2000;320:1297-303.

  15. Bale G, Martínez-Camblor P, Burge PS, Soriano JB. Long-term mortality follow-up of the ISOLDE participants: causes of death during 13 years after trial completion. Respir Med. 2008;102:1468-72.

  16. Statistikdatabas för läkemedel. Stockholm: Socialstyrelsen. 2019 [cited 2020-03-10.]

  1. Goodman DE, Israel E, Rosenberg M, Johnston R, Weiss ST, Drazen JM. The influence of age, diagnosis, and gender on proper use of metered-dose inhalers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994;150:1256-61.
  2. Osborne ML, Vollmer WM, Linton KL, Buist AS. Characteristics of patients with asthma within a large HMO: a comparison by age and gender. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;157:123-8.
  3. Prescott E, Lange P, Vestbo J. Effect of gender on hospital admissions for asthma and prevalence of self-reported asthma: a prospective study based on a sample of the general population Copenhagen City Heart Study Group. Thorax. 1997;52:287-9.
  4. Ng TP, Niti M, Tan WC. Trends and ethnic differences in asthma hospitalization rates in Singapore, 1991 to 1998. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2003;90:51-5.
  5. Mehta R, Riddell K, Gupta A, Louey MD, Chan RH. Comparison of the Pharmacokinetics of Salmeterol and Fluticasone Propionate 50/100 µg Delivered in Combination as a Dry Powder Via a Capsule-Based Inhaler and a Multi-Dose Inhaler. Clin Drug Investig. 2015;35:319-26.
  6. Vestbo J, Soriano JB, Anderson JA, Calverley P, Pauwels R, Jones P et al. Gender does not influence the response to the combination of salmeterol and fluticasone propionate in COPD. Respir Med. 2004;98:1045-50.
  7. Calverley P, Pauwels R, Vestbo J, Jones P, Pride N, Gulsvik A et al. Combined salmeterol and fluticasone in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2003;361:449-56.
  8. Convery RP, Leitch DN, Bromly C, Ward RJ, Bartlett G, Hendrick DJ. Effect of inhaled fluticasone propionate on airway responsiveness in treatment-naive individuals--a lesser benefit in females. Eur Respir J. 2000;15:19-24.
  9. Leynaert B, Bousquet J, Henry C, Liard R, Neukirch F. Is bronchial hyperresponsiveness more frequent in women than in men? A population-based study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;156:1413-20.
  10. Ishizuka T, Hisada T, Aoki H, Yanagitani N, Kaira K, Utsugi M et al. Gender and age risks for hoarseness and dysphonia with use of a dry powder fluticasone propionate inhaler in asthma. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2007;28:550-6.
  11. Bender BG, Pedan A, Varasteh LT. Adherence and persistence with fluticasone propionate/salmeterol combination therapy. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;118:899-904.
  12. Calverley PM, Anderson JA, Celli B, Ferguson GT, Jenkins C, Jones PW et al. Salmeterol and fluticasone propionate and survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:775-89.
  13. Celli B, Vestbo J, Jenkins CR, Jones PW, Ferguson GT, Calverley PM et al. Sex differences in mortality and clinical expressions of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease The TORCH experience. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;183:317-22.
  14. Burge PS, Calverley PM, Jones PW, Spencer S, Anderson JA, Maslen TK. Randomised, double blind, placebo controlled study of fluticasone propionate in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the ISOLDE trial. BMJ. 2000;320:1297-303.
  15. Bale G, Martínez-Camblor P, Burge PS, Soriano JB. Long-term mortality follow-up of the ISOLDE participants: causes of death during 13 years after trial completion. Respir Med. 2008;102:1468-72.
  16. Statistikdatabas för läkemedel. Stockholm: Socialstyrelsen. 2019 [cited 2020-03-10.]
Uppdaterat

Litteratursökningsdatum 12/5/2016

Litteratursökningsdatum 12/5/2016
A A
A A

Flutikason – intranasalt

Flutikason – intranasalt

Klass: A

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Produkter

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Avamys, Flixonase Nasal, Flixotide Nasal, Flutaide Nasa......

Avamys, Flixonase Nasal, Flixotide Nasal, Flutaide Nasal, Flutide Nasal, Flutikason 2care4, Flutikason Ebb, Flutikason Orifarm, Flutikason Teva, Otrason, Rinason
ATC-koder

R01AD08, R01AD12

R01AD08, R01AD12
Substanser

flutikason, flutikasonfuroat, flutikasonpropionat

flutikason, flutikasonfuroat, flutikasonpropionat
Sammanfattning

En studie av flutikason intranasalt hos barn visade likartad effekt och säkerhet hos flickor och pojkar. Få flickor var dock inkluderade i studien.

En studie av flutikason intranasalt hos barn visade likartad effekt och säkerhet hos flickor och pojkar. Få flickor var dock inkluderade i studien.
Background

Pharmacokinetics and dosing
Both men and women have been included in most of the pharmacokinetic studies of intranasal fluticasone. However, no analysis of sex differences have been found and sex-divided data is lacking [1, 2].

Effects
In a randomized single dose placebo-controlled study assessing the efficacy and safety of fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray  with perennial allergic rhinitis (107 boys, 20 girls), no differences in effect or safety between boys and girls were found [3, 4].

Adverse effects
A study that retrospectively reviewed records of clinical cases and side effects reports in the Swedish Medical Products Agency's statistics from 1981 to 2005 found that the most common risk factor for septum perforation was nasal steroid (including budesonide, beclomethasone, and fluticasone).  The risk of perforation was greatest during the first 12 months of treatment and most cases were in young women 73% [5]. The explanation for such higher tendency for women is unclear.

Reproductive health issues
Regarding teratogenic aspects, please consult Janusmed Drugs and......

Visa hela bakgrundstexten

# Pharmacokinetics and dosing Both men and women have been included in most of the pharmacokinetic studies of intranasal fluticasone. However, no analysis of sex differences have been found and sex-divided data is lacking [1, 2]. # Effects In a randomized single dose placebo-controlled study assessing the efficacy and safety of fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray  with perennial allergic rhinitis (107 boys, 20 girls), no differences in effect or safety between boys and girls were found [3, 4]. # Adverse effects A study that retrospectively reviewed records of clinical cases and side effects reports in the Swedish Medical Products Agency's statistics from 1981 to 2005 found that the most common risk factor for septum perforation was nasal steroid (including budesonide, beclomethasone, and fluticasone).  The risk of perforation was greatest during the first 12 months of treatment and most cases were in young women 73% [5]. The explanation for such higher tendency for women is unclear. # Reproductive health issues Regarding teratogenic aspects, please consult Janusmed Drugs and Birth Defects (in Swedish, Janusmed fosterpåverkan).
Försäljning på recept

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Något fler kvinnor än män hämtade ut nässpray eller -droppar innehållande flutikason (ATC-kod R01AD08) på recept i Sverige år 2015, totalt 8 021 kvinnor och 7 919 män. Det motsvarar 1,7 respektive 1,6 personer per tusen invånare. Andelen som hämtade ut läkemedel var högst i åldersgruppen 65-79 år hos män och i åldersgruppen 65-75 år hos kvinnor. Totalt sett var nässpray- eller droppar innehållande flutikason lika vanligt hos kvinnor och män [6]. Något fler kvinnor än män hämtade ut nässpray innehållande flutikason (ATC-kod R01AD12) på recept i Sverige år 2015, totalt 12 723 kvinnor och 11 540 män. Det motsvarar 2,6 respektive 2,4 personer per tusen invånare. Andelen som hämtade ut läkemedel var högst i åldersgruppen 10-19 år hos båda könen. I åldersgruppen 0-19 år var nässpray innehållande flutikason i genomsnitt 1,6 gånger vanligare hos pojkar/män och i åldersgruppen 20 år och äldre 1,3 gånger vanligare hos kvinnor [6].
Referenser

Visa referenser

  1. Rosenblut A, Bardin PG, Muller B, Faris MA, Wu WW, Caldwell MF et al. Long-term safety of fluticasone furoate nasal spray in adults and adolescents with perennial allergic rhinitis. Allergy. 2007;62:1071-7.

  2. Allen A, Down G, Newland A, Reynard K, Rousell V, Salmon E et al. Absolute bioavailability of intranasal fluticasone furoate in healthy subjects. Clin Ther. 2007;29:1415-20.

  3. Ngamphaiboon J, Thepchatri A, Chatchatee P, Chumdermpadetsuk S. Fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray treatment for perennial allergic rhinitis in children. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1997;78:479-84.

  4. Selover D, Dana T, Smith C, Peterson K. Drug Class Review: Nasal Corticosteroids. Oregon Health & Science University.

  5. Cervin A, Andersson M. Intranasal steroids and septum perforation--an overlooked complication? A description of the course of events and a discussion of the causes. Rhinology. 1998;36:128-32.

  6. Läkemedelsstatistik. Stockholm: Socialstyrelsen. 2015 [cited 2016-12-19.]

  1. Rosenblut A, Bardin PG, Muller B, Faris MA, Wu WW, Caldwell MF et al. Long-term safety of fluticasone furoate nasal spray in adults and adolescents with perennial allergic rhinitis. Allergy. 2007;62:1071-7.
  2. Allen A, Down G, Newland A, Reynard K, Rousell V, Salmon E et al. Absolute bioavailability of intranasal fluticasone furoate in healthy subjects. Clin Ther. 2007;29:1415-20.
  3. Ngamphaiboon J, Thepchatri A, Chatchatee P, Chumdermpadetsuk S. Fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray treatment for perennial allergic rhinitis in children. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1997;78:479-84.
  4. Selover D, Dana T, Smith C, Peterson K. Drug Class Review: Nasal Corticosteroids. Oregon Health & Science University.
  5. Cervin A, Andersson M. Intranasal steroids and septum perforation--an overlooked complication? A description of the course of events and a discussion of the causes. Rhinology. 1998;36:128-32.
  6. Läkemedelsstatistik. Stockholm: Socialstyrelsen. 2015 [cited 2016-12-19.]
Uppdaterat

Litteratursökningsdatum 12/13/2016

Litteratursökningsdatum 12/13/2016