1/22/2025

Janusmed kön och genus

Janusmed kön och genus – Tora-dol

Janusmed kön och genus är ett kunskapsstöd som tillhandahåller information om köns- och genusaspekter på läkemedelsbehandling. Kunskapsstödet är avsedd främst för hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal. Texterna är generella och ska inte ses som behandlingsriktlinjer. Det är alltid behandlande läkare som ansvarar för patientens medicinering.

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Ketorolak

Ketorolak

Klass : A

Produkter

Caloket, Ketorolac EG, Ketorolac S.A.L.F., Lixidol, Tora-dol, Toradol

Caloket, Ketorolac EG, Ketorolac S.A.L.F., Lixidol, Tora-dol, Toradol
ATC-koder

M01AB15

M01AB15
Substanser

ketorolak, ketorolaktrometamol

ketorolak, ketorolaktrometamol
Sammanfattning

Kvinnor hade högre risk för NSAID-inducerad leverskada i en liten fall-kontrollstudie. Ingen skillnad i effekt av ketorolak mellan könen kunde påvisas i en experimentell smärtmodell.

Kvinnor hade högre risk för NSAID-inducerad leverskada i en liten fall-kontrollstudie. Ingen skillnad i effekt av ketorolak mellan könen kunde påvisas i en experimentell smärtmodell.
Background

The prevalence of several clinical pain conditions is higher in women than in men. Differences in pharmacokinetics, sex hormones, stress response, or socio-cultural aspects may be of importance [1-3]. Therefore, sex and gender differences of pain medications are difficult to interpret [4].

Pharmacokinetics and dosing
Ketorolac is primarily eliminated renally (91%) [5]. Pooled data from two pharmacokinetic studies showed that after a single dose of ketorolac (i.v. 0.5 mg/kg), clearance was 37% higher in men than a non-pregnant woman of the same body weight. This sex difference was suggested to be explained by higher renal elimination and higher glucuronidation activity in men. Furthermore, clearance of 20 mg ketorolac administrated to women at the time of delivery were 55% higher than in non-pregnant women with the same body weight [6].

Effects
The analgesic efficacy of ketorolac (10 mg p.o.) was evaluated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled experimental pain method using cold pressor test (25 men, 25 women). No difference between men and women in ketorolac response was found [7......

The prevalence of several clinical pain conditions is higher in women than in men. Differences in pharmacokinetics, sex hormones, stress response, or socio-cultural aspects may be of importance [1-3]. Therefore, sex and gender differences of pain medications are difficult to interpret [4]. # Pharmacokinetics and dosing Ketorolac is primarily eliminated renally (91%) [5]. Pooled data from two pharmacokinetic studies showed that after a single dose of ketorolac (i.v. 0.5 mg/kg), clearance was 37% higher in men than a non-pregnant woman of the same body weight. This sex difference was suggested to be explained by higher renal elimination and higher glucuronidation activity in men. Furthermore, clearance of 20 mg ketorolac administrated to women at the time of delivery were 55% higher than in non-pregnant women with the same body weight [6]. # Effects The analgesic efficacy of ketorolac (10 mg p.o.) was evaluated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled experimental pain method using cold pressor test (25 men, 25 women). No difference between men and women in ketorolac response was found [7]. # Adverse effects A case-control study (136 men, 130 women) found an association between NSAID exposure and liver injury in women but not in men (OR 6.49 vs. 1.06). This may be due to differences in pharmacokinetics or levels of circulating hormones and/or more poly-pharmacy in women [8] or to a generally higher risk of drug-induced liver injury in women [9]. If this is an adverse effect for NSAIDs in general or only associated with certain NSAIDs is unclear. If ketorolac was included is not specified. A meta-analysis evaluated NSAID use and the risk of Parkinson’s disease. Pooled risk ratios of Parkinson’s disease were similar in men and women using NSAID (men 0.79 (95%CI 0.69-0.92); women 0.72 (95%CI 0.45-1.15)) [10]. If this is an effect for NSAIDs in general or only associated with certain NSAIDs is unclear. If ketorolac was included is not specified. # Reproductive health issues Studies on animal models shows that non-selective NSAIDs (diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, ketorolac, naproxen) can affect implantation and ovulation and small clinical studies report that non-selective NSAIDS may cause decreased fertility in some women. However, the effect is reversible after treatment discontinuation [5, 11-14]. Regarding teratogenic aspects, please consult Janusmed Drugs and Birth Defects (in Swedish, Janusmed fosterpåverkan).
Försäljning på recept

Injektionsvätska innehållande ketorolak (ATC-kod M01AB15) används huvudsakligen på sjukhus och därför saknas könsspecifika användningsdata [15].
Referenser
  1. Greenspan JD, Craft RM, LeResche L, Arendt-Nielsen L, Berkley KJ, Fillingim RB et al. Studying sex and gender differences in pain and analgesia: a consensus report. Pain. 2007;132 Suppl 1:S26-45.
  2. Bartley EJ, Fillingim RB. Sex differences in pain: a brief review of clinical and experimental findings. Br J Anaesth. 2013;111(1):52-8.
  3. Sorge RE, Totsch SK. Sex Differences in Pain. J Neurosci Res. 2017;95(6):1271-1281.
  4. Dance A. Why the sexes don't feel pain the same way. Nature. 2019;567(7749):448-450.
  5. Toradol (ketorolac). Summary of Product Characteristics. Swedish Medical Products Agency [updated 2021-12-09, cited 2022-04-12]
  6. Välitalo PA, Kemppainen H, Kulo A, Smits A, van Calsteren K, Olkkola KT et al. Body weight, gender and pregnancy affect enantiomer-specific ketorolac pharmacokinetics. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2017;83(9):1966-1975.
  7. Compton P, Charuvastra VC, Ling W. Effect of oral ketorolac and gender on human cold pressor pain tolerance. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2003;30:759-63.
  8. Lacroix I, Lapeyre-Mestre M, Bagheri H, Pathak A, Montastruc JL, Club de Reflexion des cabinets de Groupe de Gastro-Enterologie (CREGG) et al. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced liver injury: a case-control study in primary care. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2004;18:201-6.
  9. Leise MD, Poterucha JJ, Talwalkar JA. Drug-induced liver injury. Mayo Clin Proc. 2014;89:95-106.
  10. Samii A, Etminan M, Wiens MO, Jafari S. NSAID use and the risk of Parkinson's disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Drugs Aging. 2009;26:769-79.
  11. Salman S, Sherif B, and Al-Zohyri A. OP0131 Effects of Some Non Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs on Ovulation in Women with Mild Musculoskeletal Pain. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2015;74(suppl 2):117-118.
  12. Stone S, Khamashta MA, Nelson-Piercy C. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and reversible female infertility: is there a link?. Drug Saf. 2002;25:545-51.
  13. Uhler ML, Hsu JW, Fisher SG, Zinaman MJ. The effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on ovulation: a prospective, randomized clinical trial. Fertil Steril. 2001;76(5):957-61.
  14. Matyas RA, Mumford SL, Schliep KC, Ahrens KA, Sjaarda LA, Perkins NJ et al. Effects of over-the-counter analgesic use on reproductive hormones and ovulation in healthy, premenopausal women. Hum Reprod. 2015;30(7):1714-23.
  15. Conise (INSIKT). Kalmar: eHälsomyndigheten. 2018 [cited 2021-11-18.]
Uppdaterat

Litteratursökningsdatum: 4/12/2022

Litteratursökningsdatum: 4/12/2022
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