12/30/2024

Janusmed kön och genus

Janusmed kön och genus – Duloxetine Orion

Janusmed kön och genus är ett kunskapsstöd som tillhandahåller information om köns- och genusaspekter på läkemedelsbehandling. Kunskapsstödet är avsedd främst för hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal. Texterna är generella och ska inte ses som behandlingsriktlinjer. Det är alltid behandlande läkare som ansvarar för patientens medicinering.

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Tillbaka till index
C C
C C

Duloxetin

Duloxetin

Klass : C

Produkter

Ariclaim, Aritavi, CYMBALTA, Duloxetin Actavis, Duloxetin Amarox, Dulo......

Ariclaim, Aritavi, CYMBALTA, Duloxetin Actavis, Duloxetin Amarox, Duloxetin Ebb, Duloxetin Pensa, Duloxetin STADA, Duloxetine Accord, Duloxetine Accordpharma, Duloxetine Aristo, Duloxetine Krka, Duloxetine Medical Valley, Duloxetine Mylan, Duloxetine Orion, Duloxetine Sandoz, Duloxetine Teva, Duloxetine Zentiva, Loxentia, YENTREVE
ATC-koder

N06AX21

N06AX21
Substanser

duloxetin, duloxetinhydroklorid

duloxetin, duloxetinhydroklorid
Sammanfattning

Ett fåtal studier indikerar bättre effekt hos kvinnor för behandling vid egentlig depression samt smärtbehandling vid samtidig egentlig depression.  Högre frekvens av muntorrhet och trötthet har rapporterats hos kvinnor. Lägre plasmakoncentration av duloxetin hos män jämfört med kvinnor har påvisats, men doseringsanvisningarna är samma för kvinnor och män.

Ett fåtal studier indikerar bättre effekt hos kvinnor för behandling vid egentlig depression samt smärtbehandling vid samtidig egentlig depression.  Högre frekvens av muntorrhet och trötthet har rapporterats hos kvinnor. Lägre plasmakoncentration av duloxetin hos män jämfört med kvinnor har påvisats, men doseringsanvisningarna är samma för kvinnor och män.
Background

Duloxetine is indicated to use in adults for management of major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain [7]. It is also indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe stress urinary incontinence in adult women [8]. Duloxetine is not approved for the treatment of fibromyalgia in Europe.
Depression is almost twice as common in women as in men [1]. Women have an earlier age of onset and increased duration of depressive episodes. Differences in neurobiology [2, 3], hormones, inflammatory markers, diagnostic tools, or health seeking behavior [4, 5] may be of importance. Although depression is more prevalent in women, most preclinical studies on depression have used male animals [2] and the clinical implication of this is unclear.
Women are two to three times more likely to suffer from an anxiety disorder [1]. Sex differences in symptomatology and comorbidity may be due to genetic, hormonal, neurodevelopmental, environmental, and neurobiological factors [6].
Painful diabetic neuropathy is more common in women than in men (5......

Duloxetine is indicated to use in adults for management of major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain [7]. It is also indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe stress urinary incontinence in adult women [8]. Duloxetine is not approved for the treatment of fibromyalgia in Europe. Depression is almost twice as common in women as in men [1]. Women have an earlier age of onset and increased duration of depressive episodes. Differences in neurobiology [2, 3], hormones, inflammatory markers, diagnostic tools, or health seeking behavior [4, 5] may be of importance. Although depression is more prevalent in women, most preclinical studies on depression have used male animals [2] and the clinical implication of this is unclear. Women are two to three times more likely to suffer from an anxiety disorder [1]. Sex differences in symptomatology and comorbidity may be due to genetic, hormonal, neurodevelopmental, environmental, and neurobiological factors [6]. Painful diabetic neuropathy is more common in women than in men (50% increased risk) [9]. # Pharmacokinetics and dosing Apparent plasma clearance is approximately 50% lower in women than in men [1]. A population pharmacokinetics study from China showed similar clearance in women and men following single dosing, but 36% lower apparent clearance in women at steady state [10]. In a meta-analysis of pharmacokinetic data for duloxetine, clearance was similar in men and women. However, the average steady state concentration was 64% higher in women than in men and the bioavailability was 40% lower in men. According to the authors this could be attributed to the CYP1A2 metabolism of duloxetine, as men tend to have higher CYP1A2 activity. Smoking increases the expression of CYP1A2 and the subgroup of women who were nonsmokers had almost 2.3 times higher average concentration at steady state [11]. Despite the pharmacokinetic differences of duloxetine, dosing recommendations are the same for men and women, partly due to high interindividual variability and overlap between groups [1, 10, 11]. In pediatric patients (aged <18 years), no statistically significant difference in pharmacokinetics was shown in a pharmacokinetic analysis [12]. # Effects **Major depressive disorder** The efficacy of duloxetine in men and women with MDD was assessed in a pooled analysis of seven randomized controlled studies (560 men, 1062 women). No statistically significant difference between men and women was shown. However, women had a better response to both duloxetine and placebo [13]. No significant associations between sex and treatment outcome were found in an open-label study examining possible predicting factors for reduced effect of duloxetine in patients with MDD (80 men, 169 women) [14]. In six out of seven different measures of efficacy of duloxetine, women had greater improvement than men, in an open-label study of outpatients (868 men, 2665 women) with MDD [15]. However, a pooled analysis of eight randomized controlled studies in patients with melancholic depression (480 men, 1092 women) showed no difference in outcome between men and women [16]. **Diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain** No sex differences were observed in two studies (219 men, 182 women ([17]) and 572 men, 452 women([18])) assessing the efficacy of duloxetine in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain [17, 18]. **Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity** In cancer survivors with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (42 men, 58 women) women had a favorable response to duloxetine, but the analyses were hampered by the limited number of men [19]. **Fibromyalgia** In patients with fibromyalgia (with or without MDD) treated with duloxetine (23 men, 184 women), women with duloxetine showed significant improvement compared to women with placebo, while no significant improvement was seen in the group of men (as above very limited number of men) [20, 21]. # Adverse effects Women had higher rates of dry mouth and fatigue than men in a pooled analysis of 52 placebo-controlled studies (3324 men, 14498 women) with duloxetine for different treatment indications [22]. Another pooled analysis, of seven placebo-controlled studies, reported that patients with duloxetine treatment for MDD (560 men, 1062 women), showed no differences in adverse events between men and women [23]. **Sexual adverse events** Sexual dysfunction is associated to MDD, but also to antidepressant therapy. The incidence of sexual dysfunction during treatment with duloxetine has not been shown to differ significantly by patient’s sex, although the adverse changes in sexual function may differ substantially between men and women [24, 25]. **Hyponatremia** Women, especially 75 years and older, have a higher risk of hyponatremia than men during treatment with duloxetine [26], although the prevalence of hyponatremia in general is higher in women and increases with age [27]. # Reproductive health issues Regarding teratogenic aspects, please consult Janusmed Drugs and Birth Defects (in Swedish, Janusmed fosterpåverkan). # Other information A register-based study in Denmark, Germany, Spain, and Sweden described prescribing patterns of antidepressants during 2009 and 2014. Duloxetine was in total initiated in 240 677 adult users. Women represented the majority of initiators, with a proportion of women of more than 65% in all populations (65.1-75.1%) [28].
Försäljning på recept

Fler kvinnor än män hämtade ut läkemedel innehållande duloxetin (ATC-kod N06AX21) på recept i Sverige är 2021, totalt 44 097 kvinnor och 20 246 män. Det motsvarar 9 respektive 4 personer per tusen invånare. Andelen som hämtat ut läkemedel var högst i åldersgruppen 50-64 år hos kvinnor och i åldersgruppen 75-84 år hos män. I genomsnitt var läkemedel innehållande duloxetin 2,2 gånger vanligare hos kvinnor [29].
Referenser
  1. Cymbalta (duloxetine). Summary of Product Characteristics. European Medicines Agency [updated 2021-12-21, cited 2022-02-17]
  2. Yentreve (duloxetine). Summary of Product Characteristics. European Medicines Agency [updated 2021-12-21, cited 2022-02-21]
  3. Nationella riktlinjer för vård vid depression och ångestsyndrom 2021. Socialstyrelsen [www]. Socialstyrelsen. [updated 2021-04-01, cited 2021-05-14].
  4. LeGates TA, Kvarta MD, Thompson SM. Sex differences in antidepressant efficacy. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2019;44(1):140-154.
  5. Sramek JJ, Murphy MF, Cutler NR. Sex differences in the psychopharmacological treatment of depression. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2016;18(4):447-457.
  6. Kerber CS, Dyck MJ, Culp KR, Buckwalter K. Antidepressant treatment of depression in rural nursing home residents. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2008;29(9):959-73.
  7. Labaka A, Goñi-Balentziaga O, Lebeña A, Pérez-Tejada J. Biological Sex Differences in Depression: A Systematic Review. Biol Res Nurs. 2018;20(4):383-392.
  8. Jalnapurkar I, Allen M, Pigott T. Sex Differences in Anxiety Disorders: A Review. J Psychiatr Depress Anxiety. 2018;4(1):2-9.
  9. Abbott CA, Malik RA, van Ross ER, Kulkarni J, Boulton AJ. Prevalence and characteristics of painful diabetic neuropathy in a large community-based diabetic population in the UK. Diabetes Care. 2011;34(10):2220-4.
  10. Tianmei S, Knadler MP, Lim MT, Yeo KP, Teng L, Liang S et al. Pharmacokinetics and tolerability of duloxetine following oral administration to healthy Chinese subjects. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2007;46(9):767-75.
  11. Lobo ED, Quinlan T, O'Brien L, Knadler MP, Heathman M. Population pharmacokinetics of orally administered duloxetine in patients: implications for dosing recommendation. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2009;48(3):189-97.
  12. Lobo ED, Quinlan T, Prakash A. Pharmacokinetics of orally administered duloxetine in children and adolescents with major depressive disorder. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2014;53(8):731-40.
  13. Kornstein SG, Wohlreich MM, Mallinckrodt CH, Watkin JG, Stewart DE. Duloxetine efficacy for major depressive disorder in male vs female patients: data from 7 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;67(5):761-70.
  14. Howland RH, Wilson MG, Kornstein SG, Clayton AH, Trivedi MH, Wohlreich MM et al. Factors predicting reduced antidepressant response: experience with the SNRI duloxetine in patients with major depression. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2008;20(4):209-18.
  15. Wohlreich MM, Wiltse CG, Desaiah D, Ye W, Robinson RL, Kroenke K et al. Duloxetine in practice-based clinical settings: assessing effects on the emotional and physical symptoms of depression in an open-label, multicenter study. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2007;9(4):271-9.
  16. Mallinckrodt CH, Watkin JG, Liu C, Wohlreich MM, Raskin J. Duloxetine in the treatment of Major Depressive Disorder: a comparison of efficacy in patients with and without melancholic features. BMC Psychiatry. 2005;5:1.
  17. Marchettini P, Wilhelm S, Petto H, Tesfaye S, Tölle T, Bouhassira D et al. Are there different predictors of analgesic response between antidepressants and anticonvulsants in painful diabetic neuropathy?. Eur J Pain. 2016;20(3):472-82.
  18. Ziegler D, Pritchett YL, Wang F, Desaiah D, Robinson MJ, Hall JA et al. Impact of disease characteristics on the efficacy of duloxetine in diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain. Diabetes Care. 2007;30(3):664-9.
  19. Velasco R, Besora S, Argyriou AA, Santos C, Sala R, Izquierdo C et al. Duloxetine against symptomatic chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity in cancer survivors: a real world, open-label experience. Anticancer Drugs. 2021;32(1):88-94.
  20. Arnold LM. Duloxetine and other antidepressants in the treatment of patients with fibromyalgia. Pain Med. 2007;8 Suppl 2:S63-74.
  21. Arnold LM, Lu Y, Crofford LJ, Wohlreich M, Detke MJ, Iyengar S et al. A double-blind, multicenter trial comparing duloxetine with placebo in the treatment of fibromyalgia patients with or without major depressive disorder. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;50(9):2974-84.
  22. Brunton S, Wang F, Edwards SB, Crucitti AS, Ossanna MJ, Walker DJ et al. Profile of adverse events with duloxetine treatment: a pooled analysis of placebo-controlled studies. Drug Saf. 2010;33(5):393-407.
  23. Stewart DE, Wohlreich MM, Mallinckrodt CH, Watkin JG, Kornstein SG. Duloxetine in the treatment of major depressive disorder: comparisons of safety and tolerability in male and female patients. J Affect Disord. 2006;94(1):183-9.
  24. Delgado PL, Brannan SK, Mallinckrodt CH, Tran PV, McNamara RK, Wang F et al. Sexual functioning assessed in 4 double-blind placebo- and paroxetine-controlled trials of duloxetine for major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2005;66(6):686-92.
  25. Montejo AL, Perahia DG, Spann ME, Wang F, Walker DJ, Yang CR et al. Sexual function during long-term duloxetine treatment in patients with recurrent major depressive disorder. J Sex Med. 2011;8(3):773-82.
  26. Revol R, Rault C, Polard E, Bellet F, Guy C. [Hyponatremia associated with SSRI/NRSI: Descriptive and comparative epidemiological study of the incidence rates of the notified cases from the data of the French National Pharmacovigilance Database and the French National Health Insurance]. Encephale. 2018;44(3):291-296.
  27. Mohan S, Gu S, Parikh A, Radhakrishnan J. Prevalence of hyponatremia and association with mortality: results from NHANES. Am J Med. 2013;126(12):1127-37e1.
  28. Forns J, Pottegård A, Reinders T, Poblador-Plou B, Morros R, Brandt L et al. Antidepressant use in Denmark, Germany, Spain, and Sweden between 2009 and 2014: Incidence and comorbidities of antidepressant initiators. J Affect Disord. 2019;249:242-252.
  29. Statistikdatabas för läkemedel. Stockholm: Socialstyrelsen. 2021 [cited 2022-03-15.]
  30. Nationella riktlinjer för vård vid depression och ångestsyndrom 2021. Socialstyrelsen [www]. Socialstyrelsen. [updated 2021-04-01, cited 2021-05-14].
  31. LeGates TA, Kvarta MD, Thompson SM. Sex differences in antidepressant efficacy. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2019;44(1):140-154.
  32. Sramek JJ, Murphy MF, Cutler NR. Sex differences in the psychopharmacological treatment of depression. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2016;18(4):447-457.
  33. Kerber CS, Dyck MJ, Culp KR, Buckwalter K. Antidepressant treatment of depression in rural nursing home residents. Issues Ment Health Nurs. 2008;29(9):959-73.
  34. Labaka A, Goñi-Balentziaga O, Lebeña A, Pérez-Tejada J. Biological Sex Differences in Depression: A Systematic Review. Biol Res Nurs. 2018;20(4):383-392.
  35. Jalnapurkar I, Allen M, Pigott T. Sex Differences in Anxiety Disorders: A Review. J Psychiatr Depress Anxiety. 2018;4(1):2-9.
Uppdaterat

Litteratursökningsdatum: 2/21/2022

Litteratursökningsdatum: 2/21/2022