Kodein
Kodein
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Altermol, Ardinex, Burana Comp, Citodon, Citodon forte,......
Altermol, Ardinex, Burana Comp, Citodon, Citodon forte, Citodon minor, Codalvonil, Kodein Alternova, Kodein EQL Pharma, Kodein RPH Pharma, Kodeinfosfat APL, Panocod, Paracetamol/Kodein Evolan, Treo compATC-koder
A07DA, N02AJ06, N02AJ08, N02AJ09, R05DA04
A07DA, N02AJ06, N02AJ08, N02AJ09, R05DA04Substanser
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kodein, kodein n-oxid, kodeinfosfat, kodeinfosfat anhyd......
kodein, kodein n-oxid, kodeinfosfat, kodeinfosfat anhydrat, kodeinfosfathemihydrat, kodeinfosfatseskvihydrat, kodeinhydrobromid, kodeinhydrokloriddihydrat, kodeinsulfatSammanfattning
Det saknas kontrollerade studier om skillnader mellan könen avseende effekt, biverkningar och farmakokinetik för kodein. Kodein är en prodrug och måste omvandlas till morfin för att ha effekt.
Det saknas kontrollerade studier om skillnader mellan könen avseende effekt, biverkningar och farmakokinetik för kodein. Kodein är en prodrug och måste omvandlas till morfin för att ha effekt.Background
The prevalence of several clinical pain conditions is higher in women than in men. Differences in pharmacokinetics, sex hormones, stress response, or socio-cultural aspects may be of importance [1-3]. Therefore, sex and gender differences of pain medications are difficult to interpret [4]. Visa hela bakgrundstexten
Studies on abuse potential of opioids have not been included in this document.
Pharmacokinetics and dosing
Codeine is metabolized to its active metabolite morphine by the CYP2D6 isoenzyme. No sex differences in CYP2D6 activity has been reported [5, 6]. Clinical studies have shown effect with similar doses in men and women and no sex differentiation in dosing has been suggested [7].
Effects
The effect of opioids for pain-relief may differ between men and women. According to a systematic review, women may require lower doses of opioids, both in treatment of acute and chronic pain. However, no specific data on codeine in acute pain were presented [8]. No other studies with a clinically relevant sex analysis of codeine efficacy have been found.
Adverse effects
Codeine is contraindicated in childr......
Försäljning på recept
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Fler kvinnor än män hämtade ut kodein (ATC-kod R05DA04) på recept i Sverige år 2021, totalt 2 863 kvinnor och 1 888 män. Det motsvarar 6 respektive 4 patienter per tiotusen invånare. Andelen som hämtat ut läkemedlet ökade med stigande ålder hos båda könen. I genomsnitt var kodein 1,7 gånger vanligare hos kvinnor [11].
Referenser
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Greenspan JD, Craft RM, LeResche L, Arendt-Nielsen L, Berkley KJ, Fillingim RB et al. Studying sex and gender differences in pain and analgesia: a consensus report. Pain. 2007;132 Suppl 1:S26-45.
Bartley EJ, Fillingim RB. Sex differences in pain: a brief review of clinical and experimental findings. Br J Anaesth. 2013;111(1):52-8.
Sorge RE, Totsch SK. Sex Differences in Pain. J Neurosci Res. 2017;95(6):1271-1281.
Dance A. Why the sexes don't feel pain the same way. Nature. 2019;567(7749):448-450.
Franconi F, Brunelleschi S, Steardo L, Cuomo V. Gender differences in drug responses. Pharmacol Res. 2007;55:81-95.
Nicolson TJ, Mellor HR, Roberts RR. Gender differences in drug toxicity. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2010;31:108-14.
Kodein Alternova (codeine). Summary of Product Characteristics. Swedish Medical Products Agency [updated 2019-01-22, cited 2022-12-13]
Pisanu C, Franconi F, Gessa GL, Mameli S, Pisanu GM, Campesi I et al. Sex differences in the response to opioids for pain relief: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pharmacol Res. 2019;148:104447.
Sagne S, Henrikson PA, Kahnberg KE, Thilander H, Bertilson SO. Analgesic efficacy and side-effect profile of paracetamol/codeine and paracetamol/dextropropoxyphene after surgical removal of a lower wisdom tooth. J Int Med Res. 1987;15:83-8.
Lopes GS, Bielinski S, Moyer AM, Jacobson DJ, Wang L, Jiang R et al. Sex differences in type and occurrence of adverse reactions to opioid analgesics: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2021;11(6):e044157.
Statistikdatabas för läkemedel. Stockholm: Socialstyrelsen. 2021 [cited 2022-03-15.]
- Greenspan JD, Craft RM, LeResche L, Arendt-Nielsen L, Berkley KJ, Fillingim RB et al. Studying sex and gender differences in pain and analgesia: a consensus report. Pain. 2007;132 Suppl 1:S26-45.
- Bartley EJ, Fillingim RB. Sex differences in pain: a brief review of clinical and experimental findings. Br J Anaesth. 2013;111(1):52-8.
- Sorge RE, Totsch SK. Sex Differences in Pain. J Neurosci Res. 2017;95(6):1271-1281.
- Dance A. Why the sexes don't feel pain the same way. Nature. 2019;567(7749):448-450.
- Franconi F, Brunelleschi S, Steardo L, Cuomo V. Gender differences in drug responses. Pharmacol Res. 2007;55:81-95.
- Nicolson TJ, Mellor HR, Roberts RR. Gender differences in drug toxicity. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2010;31:108-14.
- Kodein Alternova (codeine). Summary of Product Characteristics. Swedish Medical Products Agency [updated 2019-01-22, cited 2022-12-13]
- Pisanu C, Franconi F, Gessa GL, Mameli S, Pisanu GM, Campesi I et al. Sex differences in the response to opioids for pain relief: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pharmacol Res. 2019;148:104447.
- Sagne S, Henrikson PA, Kahnberg KE, Thilander H, Bertilson SO. Analgesic efficacy and side-effect profile of paracetamol/codeine and paracetamol/dextropropoxyphene after surgical removal of a lower wisdom tooth. J Int Med Res. 1987;15:83-8.
- Lopes GS, Bielinski S, Moyer AM, Jacobson DJ, Wang L, Jiang R et al. Sex differences in type and occurrence of adverse reactions to opioid analgesics: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2021;11(6):e044157.
- Statistikdatabas för läkemedel. Stockholm: Socialstyrelsen. 2021 [cited 2022-03-15.]
Uppdaterat
Litteratursökningsdatum 12/13/2022
Litteratursökningsdatum 12/13/2022Se även
Morfin