6/10/2023

Janusmed kön och genus

Janusmed kön och genus – Brimonidin 2care4

Janusmed kön och genus är ett kunskapsstöd som tillhandahåller information om köns- och genusaspekter på läkemedelsbehandling. Kunskapsstödet är avsedd främst för hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal. Texterna är generella och ska inte ses som behandlingsriktlinjer. Det är alltid behandlande läkare som ansvarar för patientens medicinering.

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B B
B B

Brimonidin

Brimonidin

Klass: B

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Produkter

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Alphagan, Alphagan P, Brimonidin 2care4, Brimonidin Blu......

Alphagan, Alphagan P, Brimonidin 2care4, Brimonidin Bluefish, Brimonidin Hexal, Brimoratio, Brymont, Combigan, Glaudin, SIMBRINZA
ATC-koder

S01EA05, S01EC54, S01ED51

S01EA05, S01EC54, S01ED51
Substanser

brimonidin, brimonidintartrat

brimonidin, brimonidintartrat
Sammanfattning

Det saknas kontrollerade studier om skillnader mellan könen avseende effekt, säkerhet och farmakokinetik för brimonidin ögondroppar.

Det saknas kontrollerade studier om skillnader mellan könen avseende effekt, säkerhet och farmakokinetik för brimonidin ögondroppar.
Background

Pharmacokinetics and dosing
No studies with a clinically relevant sex analysis regarding the pharmacokinetics or dosing of brimonidine eyedrops have been found.

Effects
No studies with a clinically relevant sex analysis regarding the effects brimonidine eyedrops have been found.

Adverse effects
No studies with a clinically relevant sex analysis regarding the adverse effects of brimonidine eyedrops have been found.

Reproductive health issues
Regarding teratogenic aspects, please consult Janusmed Drugs and Birth Defects (in Swedish, Janusmed fosterpåverkan).

Other information
A retrospective study of glaucoma patients (56 men, 64 women) pretreated with brimonidine 0.2% and pilocarpine 1% one hour before selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) showed in univariate analysis that SLT was less efficacious in women (relative risk 0.75). In multivariate analysis the sex difference in treatment outcome could not be confirmed [10].
 
In a population-based survey study including a medical examination in 4744 Australians, 2.3% were previously diagnosed with ocular hypertension or open a......

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# Pharmacokinetics and dosing No studies with a clinically relevant sex analysis regarding the pharmacokinetics or dosing of brimonidine eyedrops have been found. # Effects No studies with a clinically relevant sex analysis regarding the effects brimonidine eyedrops have been found. # Adverse effects No studies with a clinically relevant sex analysis regarding the adverse effects of brimonidine eyedrops have been found. # Reproductive health issues Regarding teratogenic aspects, please consult Janusmed Drugs and Birth Defects (in Swedish, Janusmed fosterpåverkan). # Other information A retrospective study of glaucoma patients (56 men, 64 women) pretreated with brimonidine 0.2% and pilocarpine 1% one hour before selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) showed in univariate analysis that SLT was less efficacious in women (relative risk 0.75). In multivariate analysis the sex difference in treatment outcome could not be confirmed [10].   In a population-based survey study including a medical examination in 4744 Australians, 2.3% were previously diagnosed with ocular hypertension or open angle glaucoma (52 male, 56 female). The proportion reporting a history of glaucoma surgery or treatment with glaucoma medication was similar in men and women [1]. In a study from the US nearly half of the individuals who had filled one glaucoma prescription discontinued the treatment within six months. Among glaucoma patients aged 40-49 years, living in the Southeast region of the US and being a woman were factors associated with discontinuation [2]. **General differences between men and women with glaucoma** In a randomized clinical trial of normal-tension glaucoma patients, an untreated subset of patients (61 men, 99 women) was analyzed regarding risk factors for (a high) progression rate of visual field loss. The time to measurable decrease in visual field was shorter in women than in men (1849 vs. 2356 days and the speed of deterioration was higher in women than in men (0.47 vs. 0.23 decibels per year). Migraine and optic disk hemorrhage were other risk factors for an increased progression rate (OR 2.58 and 2.72, respectively). According to the authors, it could be wise to treat women with migraine or optic disk hemorrhage aggressively as they are at a higher risk of faster progression than others [3]. An eye examination of a West Greenland Eskimos population > 40 years old (162 men, 182 women) aimed at detecting primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) showed a higher prevalence in women than in men (age-group 60-69: 5% in men, 15% in women and age-group 70+: 3% in men, 27% in women) [4]. Measurements of the right eyes (155 men, 156 women) showed that the limbal chamber depth (LCD), as well as the axial chamber depth (ACD) was lower in women than in men [5]. In a population based study in the Netherlands it was noted that women who were postmenopausal before the age of 45 had a higher risk of open-angle glaucoma (odds ratio 2.6) compared to those who were older at menopause (odds ratio for open angle glaucoma of 1.1) [6]. A study of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene variants found an association with open angle glaucoma which might explain this [7]. Studies on the effect of hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) are lacking [8]. In a retrospective study, glaucoma patients (64 men, 59 women) underwent selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT). The intra ocular pressure (IOP) lowering efficacy of SLT was equal in men and women and regardless of type, or absence of glaucoma medication at 6 months post-laser [9].
Försäljning på recept

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Fler kvinnor än män hämtade ut ögondroppar innehållande brimonidin (ATC-kod S01EA05) på recept i Sverige år 2015, totalt 6 515 kvinnor och 5 820 män. Det motsvarar 1,3 respektive 1,2 personer per tusen invånare. Andelen som hämtat ut läkemedel ökade med stigande ålder hos båda könen [11]. Något fler kvinnor än män hämtade ut ögondroppar innehållande kombination av brimonidin och brinzolamid (ATC-kod S01EC54) på recept i Sverige år 2015, totalt 2 483 kvinnor och 2 073 män. Det motsvarar 0,5 respektive 0,4 personer per tusen invånare. Andelen som hämtat ut läkemedel ökade med stigande ålder hos båda könen [11]. Fler kvinnor än män hämtade ut ögondroppar innehållande timolol i kombination (ATC-kod S01ED51) på recept i Sverige år 2015, totalt 38 434 kvinnor och 33 818 män. Det motsvarar 7,9 respektive 6,9 personer per tusen invånare. Andelen som hämtat ut läkemedel ökade med stigande ålder hos båda könen [11]. ATC-koden innehåller timololkombinationer med bimatoprost, brinzolamid, brimonidin, dorzolamid, latanoprost, pilokarpin, travoprost, tafluprost. Kombinationen timolol/brimonidin utgör 2% av den totala försäljningen i denna ATC-kod [12].
Referenser

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  1. Weih LM, Van Newkirk M, McCarty CA, Taylor HR. Patterns of glaucoma medication use in urban and rural Victoria. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol. 1998;26 Suppl 1:S12-5.

  2. Nordstrom BL, Friedman DS, Mozaffari E, Quigley HA, Walker AM. Persistence and adherence with topical glaucoma therapy. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;140:598-606.

  3. Drance S, Anderson DR, Schulzer M, Collaborative Normal-Tension Glaucoma Study Group. Risk factors for progression of visual field abnormalities in normal-tension glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 2001;131:699-708.

  4. Alsbirk PH. Early detection of primary angle-closure glaucoma Limbal and axial chamber depth screening in a high risk population (Greenland Eskimos). Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1988;66:556-64.

  5. Alsbirk PH. Limbal and axial chamber depth variations A population study in Eskimos. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1986;64:593-600.

  6. Higginbotham EJ. Does sex matter in glaucoma?. Arch Ophthalmol. 2004;122:374-5.

  7. Kang JH, Wiggs JL, Rosner BA, Hankinson SE, Abdrabou W, Fan BJ et al. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene variants and primary open-angle glaucoma: interactions with sex and postmenopausal hormone use. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51:971-9.

  8. Vajaranant TS, Nayak S, Wilensky JT, Joslin CE. Gender and glaucoma: what we know and what we need to know. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2010;21:91-9.

  9. Singh D, Coote MA, O'Hare F, Walland MJ, Ghosh S, Xie J et al. Topical prostaglandin analogues do not affect selective laser trabeculoplasty outcomes. Eye (Lond). 2009;23:2194-9.

  10. Martow E, Hutnik CM, Mao A. SLT and adjunctive medical therapy: a prediction rule analysis. J Glaucoma. 2011;20:266-70.

  11. Läkemedelsstatistik. Stockholm: Socialstyrelsen. 2015 [cited 2016-04-05.]

  12. Conicse. Stockholm: eHälsomyndigheten. 2015 [cited 2016-03-23.]

  1. Weih LM, Van Newkirk M, McCarty CA, Taylor HR. Patterns of glaucoma medication use in urban and rural Victoria. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol. 1998;26 Suppl 1:S12-5.
  2. Nordstrom BL, Friedman DS, Mozaffari E, Quigley HA, Walker AM. Persistence and adherence with topical glaucoma therapy. Am J Ophthalmol. 2005;140:598-606.
  3. Drance S, Anderson DR, Schulzer M, Collaborative Normal-Tension Glaucoma Study Group. Risk factors for progression of visual field abnormalities in normal-tension glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol. 2001;131:699-708.
  4. Alsbirk PH. Early detection of primary angle-closure glaucoma Limbal and axial chamber depth screening in a high risk population (Greenland Eskimos). Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1988;66:556-64.
  5. Alsbirk PH. Limbal and axial chamber depth variations A population study in Eskimos. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1986;64:593-600.
  6. Higginbotham EJ. Does sex matter in glaucoma?. Arch Ophthalmol. 2004;122:374-5.
  7. Kang JH, Wiggs JL, Rosner BA, Hankinson SE, Abdrabou W, Fan BJ et al. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene variants and primary open-angle glaucoma: interactions with sex and postmenopausal hormone use. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51:971-9.
  8. Vajaranant TS, Nayak S, Wilensky JT, Joslin CE. Gender and glaucoma: what we know and what we need to know. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2010;21:91-9.
  9. Singh D, Coote MA, O'Hare F, Walland MJ, Ghosh S, Xie J et al. Topical prostaglandin analogues do not affect selective laser trabeculoplasty outcomes. Eye (Lond). 2009;23:2194-9.
  10. Martow E, Hutnik CM, Mao A. SLT and adjunctive medical therapy: a prediction rule analysis. J Glaucoma. 2011;20:266-70.
  11. Läkemedelsstatistik. Stockholm: Socialstyrelsen. 2015 [cited 2016-04-05.]
  12. Conicse. Stockholm: eHälsomyndigheten. 2015 [cited 2016-03-23.]
Uppdaterat

Litteratursökningsdatum 12/2/2015

Litteratursökningsdatum 12/2/2015