Zidovudin
Zidovudin
Klass : C
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Combivir, Lamivudine/Zidovudine Teva, Retrovir, Retrovi......
Combivir, Lamivudine/Zidovudine Teva, Retrovir, Retrovir IV, Retrovir Infuus, TRIZIVIRATC-koder
J05AF01, J05AR01, J05AR04
J05AF01, J05AR01, J05AR04Substanser
zidovudin
zidovudinSammanfattning
Zidovudin förefaller vara lika effektivt hos män och kvinnor. Vissa observationella studier har rapporterat högre risk för illamående hos kvinnor. Det finns flera studier som beskrivit en ökad risk för laktacidos hos patienter behandlade med nukleosidanaloger som zidovudin. Denna risk anses ökad hos överviktiga kvinnor.
Zidovudin förefaller vara lika effektivt hos män och kvinnor. Vissa observationella studier har rapporterat högre risk för illamående hos kvinnor. Det finns flera studier som beskrivit en ökad risk för laktacidos hos patienter behandlade med nukleosidanaloger som zidovudin. Denna risk anses ökad hos överviktiga kvinnor.Background
Antiretrovirals for treatment of HIV are always given as a combination of at least three medicines. Cobicistat is used to boost the effect of other antiretroviral drugs. As studies on HIV patients always include patients receiving combination therapy it is difficult to know which of the studied medicines that cause changes in effect and/or adverse events. Visa hela bakgrundstexten
Zidovudine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, indicated for the prevention of maternal-fetal HIV-1 transmission and for adults and children in combination with other antiretroviral agents for the treatment of HIV-1 infection [1].
Pharmacokinetics and dosing
The pharmaceutical company does not recommend any difference in dosing between men and women [1]. A pharmacokinetic study on oral or i.v. zidovudine (18 men, 20 women) found no difference between men and women in plasma concentration although men had higher intracellular levels [2]. However, a population pharmacokinetic analysis of zidovudine and lamivudine (47 men, 28 women) showed that women had higher zidovudine concentrations than men due to men having a highe......
Försäljning på recept
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Nästan lika många kvinnor och män hämtade ut läkemedel innehållande zidovudin (ATC-kod J05AF04) på recept i Sverige år 2018, totalt 21 män och 20 kvinnor. Nästan alla var under 4 år [22].
Referenser
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Retrovir (zidovudine). DailyMed [www]. US National Library of Medicine. [updated 2019-01-08, cited 2019-06-18].
Aweeka FT, Rosenkranz SL, Segal Y, Coombs RW, Bardeguez A, Thevanayagam L et al. The impact of sex and contraceptive therapy on the plasma and intracellular pharmacokinetics of zidovudine. AIDS. 2006;20(14):1833-41.
Bazzoli C, Bénech H, Rey E, Retout S, Salmon D, Duval X et al. Joint population pharmacokinetic analysis of zidovudine, lamivudine, and their active intracellular metabolites in HIV patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011;55(7):3423-31.
Anderson PL, Kakuda TN, Kawle S, Fletcher CV. Antiviral dynamics and sex differences of zidovudine and lamivudine triphosphate concentrations in HIV-infected individuals. AIDS. 2003;17(15):2159-68.
Vella S, Giuliano M, Floridia M, Chiesi A, Tomino C, Seeber A et al. Effect of sex, age and transmission category on the progression to AIDS and survival of zidovudine-treated symptomatic patients. AIDS. 1995;9(1):51-6.
Hodder S, Arasteh K, De Wet J, Gathe J, Gold J, Kumar P et al. Effect of gender and race on the week 48 findings in treatment-naïve, HIV-1-infected patients enrolled in the randomized, phase III trials ECHO and THRIVE. HIV Med. 2012;13(7):406-15.
Puro V, Ippolito G. Brief report: effect of antiretroviral agents on T-lymphocyte subset counts in healthy HIV-negative individuals The Italian Registry on Antiretroviral Postexposure Prophylaxis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2000;24(5):440-3.
Chawana TD, Reid A, Bwakura T, Gavi S, Nhachi CF. Factors influencing treatment failure in HIV positive adult patients on first line antiretroviral therapy. Cent Afr J Med. 2014;60(5):29-36.
Kan W, Teng T, Liang S, Ma Y, Tang H, Zuohela T et al. Predictors of HIV virological failure and drug resistance in Chinese patients after 48 months of antiretroviral treatment, 2008-2012: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2017;7(9):e016012.
Hunt GM, Dokubo EK, Takuva S, de Oliveira T, Ledwaba J, Dube N et al. Rates of virological suppression and drug resistance in adult HIV-1-positive patients attending primary healthcare facilities in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2017;72(11):3141-3148.
Firnhaber C, Smeaton LM, Grinsztejn B, Lalloo U, Faesen S, Samaneka W et al. Differences in antiretroviral safety and efficacy by sex in a multinational randomized clinical trial. HIV Clin Trials. 2015;16(3):89-99.
Eluwa GI, Badru T, Agu KA, Akpoigbe KJ, Chabikuli O, Hamelmann C. Adverse drug reactions to antiretroviral therapy (ARVs): incidence, type and risk factors in Nigeria. BMC Clin Pharmacol. 2012;12(1):7.
Luque A, Hulse S, Wang D, Shahzad U, Tanzman E, Antenozzi S et al. Assessment of adverse events associated with antiretroviral regimens for postexposure prophylaxis for occupational and nonoccupational exposures to prevent transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007;28(6):695-701.
Arenas-Pinto A, Grant AD, Edwards S, Weller IV. Lactic acidosis in HIV infected patients: a systematic review of published cases. Sex Transm Infect. 2003;79(4):340-3.
Triantos C, Kalafateli M, Aggeletopoulou I, Mandellou M, Assimakopoulos S, Tselekouni P et al. Lactate serum concentrations during treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogues in hepatitis B with or without cirrhosis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;29(9):998-1003.
Dlamini J, Ledwaba L, Mokwena N, Mokhathi T, Orsega S, Tsoku M et al. Lactic acidosis and symptomatic hyperlactataemia in a randomized trial of first-line therapy in HIV-infected adults in South Africa. Antivir Ther. 2011;16(4):605-9.
Vrouenraets SM, Wit FW, Garcia EF, Huber M, Brinkman K, Moyle G et al. Longer prior exposure to zidovudine/lamivudine-containing combination antiretroviral therapy, age, and male gender are each associated with reduced subcutaneous adipose tissue. HIV Clin Trials. 2012;13(2):103-10.
Tashima KT, Bausserman L, Alt EN, Aznar E, Flanigan TP. Lipid changes in patients initiating efavirenz- and indinavir-based antiretroviral regimens. HIV Clin Trials. 2003;4(1):29-36.
Ombeni W, Kamuhabwa AR. Lipid Profile in HIV-Infected Patients Using First-Line Antiretroviral Drugs. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care. 2015;15(2):164-71.
Dragovic G, Jevtovic D. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor usage and the incidence of peripheral neuropathy in HIV/AIDS patients. Antivir Chem Chemother. 2003;14(5):281-4.
Else LJ, Taylor S, Back DJ, Khoo SH. Pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral drugs in anatomical sanctuary sites: the male and female genital tract. Antivir Ther. 2011;16(8):1149-67.
Läkemedelsstatistik. Stockholm: Socialstyrelsen. 2018 [cited 2019-08-19.]
- Retrovir (zidovudine). DailyMed [www]. US National Library of Medicine. [updated 2019-01-08, cited 2019-06-18].
- Aweeka FT, Rosenkranz SL, Segal Y, Coombs RW, Bardeguez A, Thevanayagam L et al. The impact of sex and contraceptive therapy on the plasma and intracellular pharmacokinetics of zidovudine. AIDS. 2006;20(14):1833-41.
- Bazzoli C, Bénech H, Rey E, Retout S, Salmon D, Duval X et al. Joint population pharmacokinetic analysis of zidovudine, lamivudine, and their active intracellular metabolites in HIV patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2011;55(7):3423-31.
- Anderson PL, Kakuda TN, Kawle S, Fletcher CV. Antiviral dynamics and sex differences of zidovudine and lamivudine triphosphate concentrations in HIV-infected individuals. AIDS. 2003;17(15):2159-68.
- Vella S, Giuliano M, Floridia M, Chiesi A, Tomino C, Seeber A et al. Effect of sex, age and transmission category on the progression to AIDS and survival of zidovudine-treated symptomatic patients. AIDS. 1995;9(1):51-6.
- Hodder S, Arasteh K, De Wet J, Gathe J, Gold J, Kumar P et al. Effect of gender and race on the week 48 findings in treatment-naïve, HIV-1-infected patients enrolled in the randomized, phase III trials ECHO and THRIVE. HIV Med. 2012;13(7):406-15.
- Puro V, Ippolito G. Brief report: effect of antiretroviral agents on T-lymphocyte subset counts in healthy HIV-negative individuals The Italian Registry on Antiretroviral Postexposure Prophylaxis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2000;24(5):440-3.
- Chawana TD, Reid A, Bwakura T, Gavi S, Nhachi CF. Factors influencing treatment failure in HIV positive adult patients on first line antiretroviral therapy. Cent Afr J Med. 2014;60(5):29-36.
- Kan W, Teng T, Liang S, Ma Y, Tang H, Zuohela T et al. Predictors of HIV virological failure and drug resistance in Chinese patients after 48 months of antiretroviral treatment, 2008-2012: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open. 2017;7(9):e016012.
- Hunt GM, Dokubo EK, Takuva S, de Oliveira T, Ledwaba J, Dube N et al. Rates of virological suppression and drug resistance in adult HIV-1-positive patients attending primary healthcare facilities in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2017;72(11):3141-3148.
- Firnhaber C, Smeaton LM, Grinsztejn B, Lalloo U, Faesen S, Samaneka W et al. Differences in antiretroviral safety and efficacy by sex in a multinational randomized clinical trial. HIV Clin Trials. 2015;16(3):89-99.
- Eluwa GI, Badru T, Agu KA, Akpoigbe KJ, Chabikuli O, Hamelmann C. Adverse drug reactions to antiretroviral therapy (ARVs): incidence, type and risk factors in Nigeria. BMC Clin Pharmacol. 2012;12(1):7.
- Luque A, Hulse S, Wang D, Shahzad U, Tanzman E, Antenozzi S et al. Assessment of adverse events associated with antiretroviral regimens for postexposure prophylaxis for occupational and nonoccupational exposures to prevent transmission of human immunodeficiency virus. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007;28(6):695-701.
- Arenas-Pinto A, Grant AD, Edwards S, Weller IV. Lactic acidosis in HIV infected patients: a systematic review of published cases. Sex Transm Infect. 2003;79(4):340-3.
- Triantos C, Kalafateli M, Aggeletopoulou I, Mandellou M, Assimakopoulos S, Tselekouni P et al. Lactate serum concentrations during treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogues in hepatitis B with or without cirrhosis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;29(9):998-1003.
- Dlamini J, Ledwaba L, Mokwena N, Mokhathi T, Orsega S, Tsoku M et al. Lactic acidosis and symptomatic hyperlactataemia in a randomized trial of first-line therapy in HIV-infected adults in South Africa. Antivir Ther. 2011;16(4):605-9.
- Vrouenraets SM, Wit FW, Garcia EF, Huber M, Brinkman K, Moyle G et al. Longer prior exposure to zidovudine/lamivudine-containing combination antiretroviral therapy, age, and male gender are each associated with reduced subcutaneous adipose tissue. HIV Clin Trials. 2012;13(2):103-10.
- Tashima KT, Bausserman L, Alt EN, Aznar E, Flanigan TP. Lipid changes in patients initiating efavirenz- and indinavir-based antiretroviral regimens. HIV Clin Trials. 2003;4(1):29-36.
- Ombeni W, Kamuhabwa AR. Lipid Profile in HIV-Infected Patients Using First-Line Antiretroviral Drugs. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care. 2015;15(2):164-71.
- Dragovic G, Jevtovic D. Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor usage and the incidence of peripheral neuropathy in HIV/AIDS patients. Antivir Chem Chemother. 2003;14(5):281-4.
- Else LJ, Taylor S, Back DJ, Khoo SH. Pharmacokinetics of antiretroviral drugs in anatomical sanctuary sites: the male and female genital tract. Antivir Ther. 2011;16(8):1149-67.
- Läkemedelsstatistik. Stockholm: Socialstyrelsen. 2018 [cited 2019-08-19.]
Uppdaterat
Litteratursökningsdatum: 6/18/2019
Litteratursökningsdatum: 6/18/2019