11/6/2026

Janusmed sex and gender

Janusmed sex and gender – melphalan hydrochloride

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Melphalan

Melphalan

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  1. Alkeran (melphalan), 2 mg tablet. Summary of Product Characteristics. Swedish Medical Products Agency [updated 2025-01-16, cited 2026-10-04]

  2. Alkeran (melphalan), 50 mg, powder and liquid for solution for injection. Summary of Product Characteristics. Swedish Medical Products Agency [updated 2025-01-16, cited 2026-10-04]

  3. Bird S, Cairns D, Menzies T, Boyd K, Davies F, Cook G et al. Sex Differences in Multiple Myeloma Biology but not Clinical Outcomes: Results from 3894 Patients in the Myeloma XI Trial. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2021;21(10):667-675.

  4. Jiang Y, Liang G, Cao Y. Trends in mortality rates associated with multiple myeloma in the United States, 1999-2023. Front Oncol. 2025;15:1735565.

  5. Mougenot P, Pinguet F, Fabbro M, Culine S, Poujol S, Astre C et al. Population pharmacokinetics of melphalan, infused over a 24-hour period, in patients with advanced malignancies. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2004;53(6):503-12.

  6. Nath CE, Shaw PJ, Trotman J, Zeng L, Duffull SB, Hegarty G et al. Population pharmacokinetics of melphalan in patients with multiple myeloma undergoing high dose therapy. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2010;69(5):484-97.

  7. Shah GL, Boelens JJ, Carlow D, Lin A, Schofield R, Cruz Sitner N et al. Population Pharmacokinetics of Melphalan in a Large Cohort of Autologous and Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Recipients: Towards Individualized Dosing Regimens. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2022;61(4):553-563.

  8. Auner HW, Iacobelli S, Sbianchi G, Knol-Bout C, Blaise D, Russell NH, Apperley JF, Pohlreich D, Browne PV, Kobbe G, Isaksson C, Lenhoff S, Scheid C, Touzeau C, Jantunen E, Anagnostopoulos A, Yakoub-Agha I, Tanase A, Schaap N, Wiktor-Jedrzejczak W, Krejci M, Schönland SO, Morris C, Garderet L, Kröger N. Melphalan 140 mg/m2 or 200 mg/m2 for autologous transplantation in myeloma: results from the Collaboration to Collect Autologous Transplant Outcomes in Lymphoma and Myeloma (CALM) study A report by the EBMT Chronic Malignancies Working Party. Haematologica. 2018;103(3):514-521.

  9. Björkstrand B, Klausen TW, Remes K, Gruber A, Knudsen LM, Bergmann OJ, Lenhoff S, Johnsen HE. Double versus single high-dose melphalan 200 mg/m2 and autologous stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma: a region-based study in 484 patients from the Nordic area. Hematol Rev. 2009;1(1):e2. doi: 10.4081/hr.2009.e2

  10. Francés Alexandre I, Gea Peña A, Tobalina García A, Domínguez-García JJ, Alejo Alonso E, González-Rodríguez AP et al. Variables Associated With the Risk of Severe Mucositis During Autologous Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma Patients. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2026;26(1):e50-e56.

  11. Vokurka S, Bystrická E, Koza V, Scudlová J, Pavlicová V, Valentová D et al. Higher incidence of chemotherapy induced oral mucositis in females: a supplement of multivariate analysis to a randomized multicentre study. Support Care Cancer. 2006;14(9):974-6.

  12. Gordillo CA, Parmar S, Blanco M, Delille EM, Assal A, Mapara M et al. Gastrointestinal toxicity of high-dose melphalan in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: identification of risk factors and a benchmark for experimental therapies. Ann Hematol. 2021;100(7):1863-1870.

  13. Statistikdatabas för läkemedel. Stockholm: Socialstyrelsen. 2025 [cited 2026-03-20.]

  1. Alkeran (melphalan), 2 mg tablet. Summary of Product Characteristics. Swedish Medical Products Agency [updated 2025-01-16, cited 2026-10-04]
  2. Alkeran (melphalan), 50 mg, powder and liquid for solution for injection. Summary of Product Characteristics. Swedish Medical Products Agency [updated 2025-01-16, cited 2026-10-04]
  3. Bird S, Cairns D, Menzies T, Boyd K, Davies F, Cook G et al. Sex Differences in Multiple Myeloma Biology but not Clinical Outcomes: Results from 3894 Patients in the Myeloma XI Trial. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2021;21(10):667-675.
  4. Jiang Y, Liang G, Cao Y. Trends in mortality rates associated with multiple myeloma in the United States, 1999-2023. Front Oncol. 2025;15:1735565.
  5. Mougenot P, Pinguet F, Fabbro M, Culine S, Poujol S, Astre C et al. Population pharmacokinetics of melphalan, infused over a 24-hour period, in patients with advanced malignancies. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2004;53(6):503-12.
  6. Nath CE, Shaw PJ, Trotman J, Zeng L, Duffull SB, Hegarty G et al. Population pharmacokinetics of melphalan in patients with multiple myeloma undergoing high dose therapy. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2010;69(5):484-97.
  7. Shah GL, Boelens JJ, Carlow D, Lin A, Schofield R, Cruz Sitner N et al. Population Pharmacokinetics of Melphalan in a Large Cohort of Autologous and Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Recipients: Towards Individualized Dosing Regimens. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2022;61(4):553-563.
  8. Auner HW, Iacobelli S, Sbianchi G, Knol-Bout C, Blaise D, Russell NH, Apperley JF, Pohlreich D, Browne PV, Kobbe G, Isaksson C, Lenhoff S, Scheid C, Touzeau C, Jantunen E, Anagnostopoulos A, Yakoub-Agha I, Tanase A, Schaap N, Wiktor-Jedrzejczak W, Krejci M, Schönland SO, Morris C, Garderet L, Kröger N. Melphalan 140 mg/m2 or 200 mg/m2 for autologous transplantation in myeloma: results from the Collaboration to Collect Autologous Transplant Outcomes in Lymphoma and Myeloma (CALM) study A report by the EBMT Chronic Malignancies Working Party. Haematologica. 2018;103(3):514-521.
  9. Björkstrand B, Klausen TW, Remes K, Gruber A, Knudsen LM, Bergmann OJ, Lenhoff S, Johnsen HE. Double versus single high-dose melphalan 200 mg/m2 and autologous stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma: a region-based study in 484 patients from the Nordic area. Hematol Rev. 2009;1(1):e2. doi: 10.4081/hr.2009.e2
  10. Francés Alexandre I, Gea Peña A, Tobalina García A, Domínguez-García JJ, Alejo Alonso E, González-Rodríguez AP et al. Variables Associated With the Risk of Severe Mucositis During Autologous Transplantation in Multiple Myeloma Patients. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2026;26(1):e50-e56.
  11. Vokurka S, Bystrická E, Koza V, Scudlová J, Pavlicová V, Valentová D et al. Higher incidence of chemotherapy induced oral mucositis in females: a supplement of multivariate analysis to a randomized multicentre study. Support Care Cancer. 2006;14(9):974-6.
  12. Gordillo CA, Parmar S, Blanco M, Delille EM, Assal A, Mapara M et al. Gastrointestinal toxicity of high-dose melphalan in autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: identification of risk factors and a benchmark for experimental therapies. Ann Hematol. 2021;100(7):1863-1870.
  13. Statistikdatabas för läkemedel. Stockholm: Socialstyrelsen. 2025 [cited 2026-03-20.]